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简介：Graphicscienceisthesubjectwhichteachesgeometryandgraphics,andistaughtinearlyundergraduatecurriculaatmanyJapaneseuniversitiesasaliberalartssubjectorasabasicsubjectfordesignanddrawing.Intraditionalgraphicsciencecourses,descriptivegeometrybasedonhanddrawingswastaught.However,inrecentyears,therecontinuestobearapidspreadintheuseof3D-CADinthefieldofengineeringdesignanddrawing,andthereisalsoincreasinguseofCGinmanyfieldssuchasforvisualizationofcomputersimulationresultsinscience,andforimagedisplayinthemovieandgameentertainmentfields.Sothereisaneedforgraphicpresentationeducationincludingthecompetenceintheuseof3D-CAD/CG,or'graphicsliteracy(orvisualliteracy)education'forawiderangeofstudents.Inordertorealizegraphicsliteracyeducation,from2007,anewgraphicsciencecurriculumhasbeenstartedattheCollegeofArtsandSciencesoftheUniversityofTokyo.ThemainpartofthecurriculumconsistsofGraphicScienceIandGraphicScienceII.WithGraphicScienceI,asbefore,traditionaldescriptivegeometryistaughtwithhanddrawingasthebase.WithGraphicScienceII,commercialgraphicprocessingsoftwarecanbeexperienced.Inthiscourse,byintroducinggeometricproblemsasexamplesandassignments,itisdesignedtomutuallycomplementwithdescriptivegeometryeducation(GraphicScienceI).Withthespreadof3D-CAD/CG,somepeoplesaythatthereisnolongeranyneedfordescriptivegeometry,butforthefollowingreasons,ithasbeendecidedtoteachdescriptivegeometry.1)Traditionaldescriptivegeometryisanexcellentmethodinteachingandlearninggeometryofprojectionandofthree-dimensionalobjects,andconceptsand/orproceduresindescriptivegeometrycanbeappliedinsolvinggeometricdesignproblemsbytheuseof3D-CAD/CG.2)Eveninthisageof3D-CAD/CG,handdrawingisstillbeingused(especiallyforfree-handsketches).3)Handdrawingisaneffectivemethod

简介：现在的工作的目标是为决定引起环境污染的踪迹元素的命运，分散和层次执行对高水坝湖底部沉积的一个geochemical评价，并且提供存取给他们的可能的来源。沉积样品为20个元素用ICPMS被分析；AgBa，Cr，Cu，Ga，Hf，Mn，Pb，Rb，Sc，Se，Sn，Sr，TaThTi，Tl，U，V和Zr和他们的获得的数据用统计、图形、印射的技术被对待结果显示出引起了偏差离开规度的孤立点和极端值影响的所有分析元素的数据集合。KruskalWallis测试揭示了那在湖沉积的一些踪迹元素层次中部，不是显著地不同的，另外的元素拒绝了空假设。大多数分析元素有高价值在努比亚而非纳瑟湖和他们的正规化给了计算环境因素的一样的结果的湖的沉积中部、吝啬。随后，高拥有的湖努比亚沉积联合了Th，Sc，Sn，Ag，Zr，Hf，Ta，Sr，U，Ti，V，Cr，和Mn的EF层次，引起重要污染，它潜在地大与有关工业，农业，都市化和采矿活动。而，Se，Cu，Ga，Pb，Ba，Rb，和Tl的联合EF，它高度由于他们的来源在南部的纳瑟湖沉积被提高是可能从湖努比亚和地球表面形成学的活动导出的伟人。与向高水坝身体的减少的距离，沾染物元素在环境因素和导致考虑少些被污染的北纳瑟湖的苏丹的污染来源由于减小被减少。总的来说，现在的学习是为带了沾染物并且在生态系统上考虑了污染影响的第二等的来源的污染沉积的环境警戒，并且随后，他们人的健康上的环境风险。

简介：BackgroundTheremaybedysregulationofcirculatingmicroRNAsinacutemyocardialinfarction(AMI),whichisanaging-relatedprocess.However,thedifferencebetweenyoungandelderlypeopleinexpressionlevelofcirculatingmiR-21inAMIpatientshasnotbeeninvestigated.MethodsThestudyincluded72consecutivepatientswithAMI.ThegroupIconsistedof43patientsagedequaltoorabove65yearsandthegroupIIconsistedof29patientsagedequaltoorbelow45years.Real-timeRT-PCRwasappliedtodetectserummiR-21expressionlevelsatthetimeofmechanicalreperfusionand12h,D1,D3andD7afterPCI,respectively.ResultsTheexpressionlevelofmiR-21inAMIpatientsincreasedmarkedly12hafterPCIandreachedthepeakatD1afterPCIinbothgroups.TherewasnodifferenceofmiR-21expressionbetweenGroupⅠandⅡatthetimeofmechanicalreperfusion(5.12±0.73vs.4.98±0.87)andD7afterPCI(1.28±0.75vs.1.94±0.89),However,groupⅠpatientsexhibitedhighermiR-21expressionlevelthangroupⅡat12h(7.96±0.78vs.4.23±0.77,P<0.05),D1(9.32±0.89vs.6.12±0.92,P<0.05)andD3(4.78±0.91vs.2.97±0.77,P<0.05)afterPCI,respectively.ConclusionOurdatarevealanincreaseofmiR-21inpatientswithAMImaybeamechanismofmyocardialischemiareperfusioninjury.TheexpressionofmiR-21wasrelatedtothedevelopmentandprogressionofAMI,andthereisanage-relatedchangeintheexpressionofmiR-21inacutemyocardialinfarctionpatients.

简介：Objective:MicroRNA-21(miR-21)hasbeenshowntobeakeyregulatorofcarcinogenesis.TherewerefewreportsaboutthecomparisonofserummiR-21withconventionaltumormarkers.ThisstudyaimedtoexplorethediagnosticvalueofcirculatingmiR-21asatumormarkerinbreastcancer(BC)andcompareitwithCA153andcarcinoembryonicantigen(CEA).Methods:CirculatingmiR-16andmiR-21wereamplifiedandquantitativelydetectedbyreal-timePCRin89BCpatientsand55healthycontrols.ThelevelsofCA153andCEAweremeasuredthroughelectrochemiluminescenceassays.ThenthesensitivityindiagnosisofBCwascomparedamongmiR-21,CA153andCEA.Results:ThelevelofserummiR-21wassignificantlyhigherinBCpatientsthancontrols(P<0.001).ThesensitivityandspecificityofmiR-21were87.6%and87.3%,respectively,whereasthesensitivitiesofCEAandCA153wereonly22.47%and15.73%.Conclusions:ComparedwithCEAandCA153,serummiR-21hasahighersensitivityindiagnosisofBC.AlthoughnotcorrelatedwiththestatusofER,PRandclinicalstages,serummiR-21maybeapotentialdiagnosticindicatorforBC,especiallyfortheearlystage.

简介：Objective:Thisstudyaimstoinvestigatetheclinicopathologicsignificanceoflymphaticvesselinvasion(LVI)labeledbyD2-40monoclonalantibodyinesophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma(ESCC).Methods:ImmunohistochemicalassaywasusedtodetecttheexpressionofD2-40andLVIin107ESCCpatients.Then,thecorrelationbetweentheclinicopathologicfeatureandtheoverallsurvivaltimeofthepatientswasanalyzed.Results:Thelymphnodemetastasisrateswere70%and21%intheLVI-positiveandLVI-negativegroups,respectively.ThenodalmetastasisratewashigherintheLVI-positivegroupthanintheLVI-negativegroup.MultivariateregressionanalysisshowedthatLVIwasrelatedtonodalmetastasis(P<0.001).Themediansurvivaltimeofthepatientswas26and43monthsintheLVI-positiveandLVI-negativegroups,respectively.Althoughunivariateregressionanalysisshowedsignificantdifferencebetweenthetwogroups(P=0.014),multivariateregressionanalysisrevealedthatLVIwasnotanindependentprognosticfactorforoverallsurvivalintheESCCpatients(P=0.062).Lymphaticnodemetastasis(P=0.031),clinicalstage(P=0.019),andresidualtumor(P=0.026)weretheindependentprognosticfactors.Conclusion:LVIlabeledbyD2-40monoclonalantibodyisariskfactorpredictiveoflymphnodemetastasisinESCCpatients.

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