简介：Inthispaper,elitistreconstructiongeneticalgorithm(ERGA)basedonMarkovrandomfield(MRF)isintroducedforimagesegmentation.Inthisalgorithm,apopulationofpossiblesolutionsismaintainedateverygeneration,andforeachsolutionafitnessvalueiscalculatedaccordingtoafitnessfunction,whichisconstructedbasedontheMRFpotentialfunctionaccordingtoMetropolisfunctionandBayesianframework.Aftertheimprovedselection,crossoverandmutation,anelitistindividualisrestructuredbasedonthestrategyofrestructuringelitist.ThisprocedureisprocessedtoselectthelocationthatdenotesthelargestMRFpotentialfunctionvalueinthesamelocationofallindividuals.Thealgorithmisstoppedwhenthechangeoffitnessfunctionsbetweentwosequentgenerationsislessthanaspecifiedvalue.Experimentsshowthattheperformanceofthehybridalgorithmisbetterthanthatofsometraditionalalgorithms.

简介：Sitobionavenae(F.)是能在Poaceae在各种各样的植物上幸存的世界范围的一个重要谷物害虫，但是不同主人植物上的分叉的选择应该支持专业化遗传型或主人赛跑的进化。为了评估他们的资源，使用策略，S的克隆。avenae从燕麦和大麦被收集。为这些克隆的主人转移实验在实验室被进行比较他们的健康特点。我们的结果证明大麦克隆有显著地更低的肥沃并且趋于有从大麦转移到燕麦的更长发展的时间。然而，在他们被转移到大麦以后，燕麦克隆更快发展了。从燕麦和大麦的克隆以肥沃和美女的发展时间分叉到某个程度。大麦克隆的分离和S的燕麦克隆。avenae在主要部件分析也是明显的。大麦克隆趋于比燕麦克隆为健康特点有更高宽广感觉的可遗传性，显示在他们之间的区别的基因基础。大麦克隆从专门化的二项措施与燕麦克隆相比显示出专门化的显著地更高的程度(即，Xsp和Ysp)。因此，大麦克隆被专业化到某个程度，但是燕麦克隆看起来被概括。S的健康。avenae克隆趋于与专门化的更高的程度增加。向在S的生态的专门化的进化。avenae克隆，以及内在的基因基础，被讨论。

简介：到在米饭germplasm91-1A2的米饭胆量小蚊的抵抗被识别并且遗传上分析了。米饭人口的F1s从作为一个男父母与米饭材料Jinggui，TN1，W1263(Gm1)，IET2911(Gm2)，BG404-1(gm3)，OB677(Gm4)，ARC5984(Gm5)和Duokang1(Gm6)交叉的91-1A2被导出。到米饭胆量小蚊的所有父母线和F1，BC1F1和F2人口的抵抗被识别。结果证明91-1A2和所有F1s对中国米饭胆量小蚊遗传因子型IV抵抗。到在BC1F1和F2的易受影响的抵抗植物的分离比率被X2测试与1:3和9:7规则给予，建议到中国米饭胆量小蚊遗传因子型IV的91-1A2的抵抗被是新抵抗基因的二主导的基因控制，对已知的米饭胆量小蚊抵抗基因非突变而产生之遗传因子。

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简介：Itisverydifficulttoestimateexactvaluesoftimeandcostofanactivityinprojectschedulingprocessbecausemanyuncertainfactors,suchasweather,productivitylevel,humanfactorsetc.,dynamicallyaffectthemduringprojectimplementationprocess.AGAs-basedfullyfuzzyoptimaltime-costtrade-offmodelispresentedbasedonfuzzysetsandgeneticalgorithms(GAs).Intihsmodelallparametersandvariablesarecharacteristicsbyfuzzynumbers.AndthenGAsisadoptedtosearchfortheoptimalsolutiontothismodel.Themethodsolvesthetime-costtrade-offproblemsunderanuncertainenvironmentandisprovedpracticablethroughagivingexampleinshipbuildingscheduling.

简介：影响的因素在水下车辆声纳自我噪音被分析，并且基因算法和背繁殖(BP)神经网络被联合预言在水下车辆声纳自我噪音。试验性的结果表明那在水下车辆sonarself噪音能被基于的一个GA-BP神经网络精确地预言实际在水下车辆声纳数据。

简介：联合适应收缩在有明显的垂直传导力的成像的可行区域的基因算法微分，我们转换了TEM传导性的薄层。倒置的结果证明由在可行区域的适应收缩，计算速度加速，计算精确改善。到某个程度，在这个方法，我们克服短暂电磁的发出声音等价和减少的等价范围。有前面的曲线的转换结果的比较清楚地证明我们能想象传导性的薄层。关键词短暂电磁的方法-基因算法-倒置-明显的纵的传导力-并且传导性的薄层首先写作在Chang鈥檃n的教授李秀大学。他从长春地质学学院在地球物理的探索从Xi鈥檃n地质学学院和BS(1982)在应用地球物理收到了M.Sc(1989)。他出版了超过30份报纸。他从事理论的研究和短暂电磁的领域的申请。他现在正在追求ph。在Xi鈥檃n交通大学的D。

简介：AbstractBackground:Re-biopsy of metastasis in advanced breast cancer (ABC) has become an international convention to assist the diagnosis and evaluation of tumor heterogeneity. This study aimed to detect diagnostic diversity and inconsistencies among estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression levels between primary and metastatic lesions.Methods:We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1670 cases of ABC patients who had undergone at least one lesion re-biopsy from January 2010 to December 2018. The pathological diagnosis of biopsies, distribution of biopsy sites, and severe puncture complications at each site were collected. In addition, the inconsistency rates and related factors of ER, PR, and HER2 expression between primary and metastatic lesions were analyzed fully considering patients’ demographic profiles and disease characteristics.Results:In total, 1670 cases of breast cancer (BC) patients diagnosed by pathology underwent one to four biopsies of recurrences or metastases in different sites or at different stages during the rescue treatment, producing 2019 histopathological specimens which were analyzed in the study. Pathological diagnosis showed that eight patients had benign pathological diagnoses, 11 patients had second primary malignant tumors but without recurrences of breast cancer, and 17 patients had pathologically confirmed breast cancer recurrences combined with second primary cancer. In 1173 patients who presented ER, PR, and HER2 expressions in primary and metastatic lesions, the inconsistency rates of ER, PR, and HER2 were 17.5% (205/1173), 31.3% (367/1173), and 13.9% (163/1173), respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that the age at the onset of breast cancer or adjuvant endocrine therapy was an independent factor affecting changes in PR expression level. Except one liver puncture with local hemorrhage and two lung punctures with hemopneumothorax, no other severe puncture complications occurred in 1950 non-surgical rebiopsies.Conclusions:The pathological diagnosis of metastasis re-biopsy of ABC was diverse, and the ER, PR, and HER2 expression levels were inconsistent between primary and metastatic lesions. Therefore, more attention should be paid to perform biopsies of relapsed and metastatic breast cancers routinely in clinical practice.

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简介：不同树庄稼协会的结构的差异在2006期间是缓冲区和外部地区上的MadhupurGarh的学习atGachabari柳安森林区域。totaldensity，在缓冲区和外部地区的树的基础区域是155.5树·hm~(-2),795.4trees·hm~(-2)和3.9m~2·hm~(-2),5.8m~2·hm~(-2),分别地。没有新生和naturaltrees在外部地区被发现，地区被theBuffer地区自然、异国情调的树包括了的异国情调的种类完全占据。而缓冲区地区属于混合，外部地区属于更年轻的andsmaller树更小，更高，更年轻并且maturetrees同时。为两个都练习不同agroforestry系统，地区有柳安森林的losttheir原版人物。

简介：Background:Theimportanceofstructurallydiverseforestsfortheconservationofbiodiversityandprovisionofawiderangeofecosystemserviceshasbeenwidelyrecognised.However,toolstoquantifystructuraldiversityofforestsinanobjectiveandquantitativewayacrossmanyforesttypesandsitesarestillneeded,forexampletosupportbiodiversitymonitoring.Theexistingapproachestoquantifyforeststructuraldiversityarebasedonsmallgeographicalregionsorsingleforesttypes,typicallyusingonlysmalldatasets.Results:HerewedevelopedanindexofstructuraldiversitybasedonNationalForestInventory(NFI)dataofBadenWurttemberg,Germany,astatewith1.3millionhaofdiverseforesttypesindifferentownerships.Basedonaliteraturereview,11aspectsofstructuraldiversitywereidentifiedaprioriascruciallyimportanttodescribestructuraldiversity.Aninitialcomprehensivelistof52variablesderivedfromNationalForestInventory(NFI)datarelatedtostructuraldiversitywasreducedbyapplyingfiveselectioncriteriatoarriveatonevariableforeachaspectofstructuraldiversity.Thesevariablescomprise1)quadraticmeandiameteratbreastheight(DBH),2)standarddeviationofDBH,3)standarddeviationofstandheight,4)numberofdecayclasses,5)bark-diversityindex,6)treeswithDBH>40cm,7)diversityoffloweringandfructification,8)averagemeandiameterofdowneddeadwood,9)meanDBHofstandingdeadwood,10)treespeciesrichnessand11)treespeciesrichnessintheregenerationlayer.Thesevariableswerecombinedintoasimple,additiveindextoquantifythelevelofstructuraldiversity,whichassumesvaluesbetween0and1.Weappliedthisindexinanexemplarywaytobroadforestcategoriesandownershipstoassessitsfeasibilitytoanalysestructuraldiversityinlarge-scaleforestinventories.Conclusions:Theforeststructureindexpresentedherecanbederivedinasimilarwayfromstandardinventoryvariablesformostotherlarge-scaleforestin

简介：从UttarakhandHimalaya的48个米饭变化的特征，印度被词法、生物化学的标记检测。选择米饭变化的谷物变化了在他们的词法(谷物长度，谷物宽度和谷物重量)并且生物化学的人物(钠dodecyl硫酸盐polyacrylamide胶化电气泳动，SDS页)。在48个米饭变化基于70，65，60，57，3739，2223，13和10个kDa蛋白质乐队的存在，侧面的七种类型被识别。有平均数(UPGMA)dendrogram与1%78%类似系数基于蛋白质乐队的基因类似的簇分析给二个不同的组看了的算术的一个未加权的对组一般水准方法。在选择变化的典型乐队的存在是为米饭germplasm的鉴定的一个有用参数。

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简介：<正>1IntroductionVirusesarethemostabundantbiologicalentitiesonEarth.Theycaninfluencethesuccessionofindividualmicrobialpopulations,biogeochemicalcyclesofC/Nand,ultimately,microbialcommunitystructurethroughkilling

简介：ZooplanktonsurveyswerecarriedoutonNovember2-3andDecember8-10,2001at12stationsintheNanWanBayofTaiwan,China.Altogether92quantitativezooplanktonsampleswerecollectedfromsubsurfacewaterandbottomwaterlayerswithtwoconicalplanktonnets(180cminlength,45cminopeningdiameter,333μmand200μminmeshsize).Atotalof31speciesofSiphonophoreswereidentified,amongthem7speciesarenewrecordsinthewatersaroundTaiwanIsland,ofwhichRocaceacymbiformisisanewrecordinChina.DominatedbyChelophyesappendiculata,Bassiabassensis,Diphyesbojani,Diphyesdispar,AbylopsiseschscholtziandChelophyescontorta,thesespeciesaccountedforover76%and63%ofthetotalabundanceinNovemberandDecember.ThespeciesnumberandSiphonophoresabundanceinDecember(25species,1.99inds/m3)weremorethanthoseinNovember(19species,0.438inds/m3),andtheyweremoreinthesurfacewaterlayerthaninthebottomlayeratmostsamplingstations.Inearlywinter,theoffshorehighsalinitywatermasswasamainfactorinfluencingthedistribution.ThesamplingefficiencyfortwoplanktonnetsisdiscussedandtheseasonalvariationofspeciesnumberandabundanceintheNanWanBayiscomparedwiththatintheneighboringwaters.

简介：AbstractBackground:The genetic central dogma (GCD) has been demonstrated its essential function in many biological processes and diseases. However, its roles in the process of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remain unclear.Methods:In this project, we analyzed an online database of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs after 14 days and 28 days by osteoinductive medium (GSE83770). The differentially expressed genes were screened by GEO2R, with further conducting of KEGG pathways using DAVID. In addition, protein-protein interactions of the enriched pathways were performed using STRING with marked hub genes measured by the CytoHubba. Hub genes were verified by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results:Results showed that six pathways related to GCD, including DNA replication, Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, Mismatch repair, Ribosome, Spliceosome, and RNA degradation pathways enriched in the early stage (14 days vs. undifferentiated MSCs) of osteogenesis. The Lysosome pathway was highly enriched in the late stage (28 vs. 14 days) of osteogenesis, and Ribosome pathway plays a key role throughout the entire process (28 days vs. undifferentiated MSCs) of osteogenesis.Conclusion:Both DNA replication and protein translation were functionally worked in the early stage of osteogenesis, whereas the Lysosome pathway was the only GCD-related one in the late stage of osteogenesis. The GCD-related Ribosome pathway occupied the entire process of osteogenesis.

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简介：Hearingloss(HL)isthemostcommonsensorydisorder,affectingallagegroups,ethnicities,andgen-ders.AccordingtoWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)estimatesin2005,278millionpeopleworldwidehavemoderatetoprofoundHLinbothears.Resultsofthe2002NationalHealthInterviewSurveyindicatethatnearly31millionofallnon-institutionalizedadults(aged18andover)intheUnitedStateshavetroublehearing.Epidemiologicalstudieshaveestimatedthatapproximately50%ofprofoundHLcanbeattributedtogeneticcauses.Withover60genesimplicatedinnonsyndromichearingloss,itisalsoanextremelyhet-erogeneoustrait.Recentprogressinidentifyinggenesresponsibleforhearinglossenablesotolaryngologistsandotherclinicianstoapplymoleculardiagnosisbygenetictesting.Theadventofthe$1000genomehasthepotentialtorevolutionizetheidentificationofgenesandtheirmutationsunderlyinggeneticdisorders.ThisisespeciallytrueforextremelyheterogeneousMendelianconditionssuchasdeafness,wherethemuta-tion,andindeedthegene,maybeprivate.Therecenttechnologicaladvancesintarget-enrichmentmethodsandnextgenerationsequencingofferauniqueopportunitytobreakthroughthebarriersoflimitationsim-posedbygenearrays.Theseapproachesnowallowforthecompleteanalysisofallknowndeafness-causinggenesandwillresultinanewwaveofdiscoveriesoftheremaininggenesforMendeliandisorders.Thisre-viewfocusesondescribinggenotype-phenotypecorrelationsofthemostfrequentgenesincludingGJB2,whichisresponsibleformorethanhalfofcases,followedbyothercommongenesandondiscussingtheim-pactofgenomicadvancesforcomprehensivegenetictestingandgenediscoveryinhereditaryhearingloss.

简介：Thispaperintegratesgeneticalgorithmandneuralnetworktechniquestobuildnewtemporalpredictinganalysistoolsforgeographicinformationsystem(GIS).ThesenewGIStoolscanbereadilyappliedinapracticalandappropriatemannerinspatialandtemporalresearchtopatchthegapsinGISdataminingandknowledgediscoveryfunctions.ThespecificachievementhereistheintegrationofrelatedartificialintelligenttechnologiesintoGISsoftwaretoestablishaconceptualspatialandtemporalanalysisframework.And,byusingthisframeworktodevelopanartificialintelligentspatialandtemporalinformationanalyst(ASIA)systemwhichthenisfullyutilizedintheexistingGISpackage.Thisstudyofairpollutantsforecastingprovidesageographicalpracticalcasetoprovetherationalizationandjustnessoftheconceptualtemporalanalysisframework.