简介：Thisstudyinvestigatedthebacterialdiversityofgutcontentofseacucumber(Apostichopusjaponicus)anditshabitatsurfacesedimentinabottomenhancementareausingPCR-baseddenaturinggradientgelelectrophoresis(DGGE)technique.BacterialdiversityevaluationshowedthatthevalueoftheShannon-WienerindexofgutcontentindifferentintestinalsegmentsofA.japonicusvariedbetween2.88and3.00,lowerthanthatofthesurroundingsediment(3.23).PhylogeneticanalysisshowedthatbacterialphylotypesingutcontentandthesurroundingsedimentofA.japonicuswerecloselyrelatedtoProteobacteriaincludingγ-,α-,δ-andε-proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Firmicute,andActinobacteria,ofwhichγ-proteobacteriawerepredominant.TheseresultssuggestedthattheseacucumberA.japonicuswascapableoffeedingselectively,andPCR-DGGEwasapplicableforcharacterizingthebacterialcommunitycompositioningutcontentandthesurroundingsedimentofseacucumber.Furtherinvestigationtargetinglonger16SrDNAgenefragmentsand/orfunctionalgeneswasrecommendedforobtainingmoreinformationofthediversityandfunctionofbacterialcommunityinthegutcontentofseacucumber.

简介：Alightbrownspotted-leafmutantofricewasisolatedfromanethanemethylsulfonate(EMS)-inducedIR64mutantbank.Themutant,designatedaslbsl1(lightbrownspotted-leaf1),displayedlightbrownspotinthewholegrowthperiodfromthefirstleaftotheflagleafundernaturalsummerfieldconditions.Agronomictraitsincludingplantheight,growthduration,numberoffilledgrainsperpanicle,seed-settingrateand1000-grainweightofthemutantweresignificantlyaffected.Geneticanalysisshowedthatthemutationwascontrolledbyasinglerecessivegene,tentativelynamedlbsl1(t),whichwasmappedtotheshortarmofchromosome6.Bydevelopingsimplesequencerepeat(SSR)markers,thegenewasfinallydelimitedtoanintervalof130kbbetweenmarkersRM586andRM588.Thelbsl1(t)geneislikelyanovelricespotted-leafgenesincenoothersimilargeneshavebeenidentifiednearthechromosomalregion.Thegeneticdataandrecombinationpopulationsprovidedwillfacilitatefurtherfine-mappingandcloningofthegene.

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简介：ObjectiveTounderstandthegeneticloadintheChinesepopulationforimprovementindiagnosis,preventionandrehabilitationofdeafness.MethodsDNAsamples,immortalizedcelllinesaswellasdetailedclinicalandaudiometricdatawerecollectedthroughanationalgeneticresourcescollectingnetwork.Twoconventionalgeneticapproacheswereusedinthestudies.LinkageanalysisinXchromosomeandautosomeswithmicrosatellitemarkerswereperformedinlargefamiliesforgenemappingandpositionalcloningofnovelgenes.CandidategeneapproachwasusedforscreeningthemtDNA12SrRNA,GJB2andSLC26A4mutationsinpopulation-basedsamples.ResultsAtotalof2,572Chinesehearinglossfamiliesorsporadiccaseswerecharacterizedinthereportedstudies,includingsevenX-linked,oneY-linked,28largeandmultiplexautosomaldominanthearinglossfamilies,607simplexautosomalrecessivehereditaryhearinglossfamilies,100mitochondrialinheritancefamilies,147GJB2inducedhearinglosscases,230caseswithenlargedvestibularaqueduct(EVA)syndrome,169sporadiccaseswithauditoryneuropathy,and1,283sporadicsensorineuralhearinglosscases.Throughlinkageanalysisorsequenceanalysis,twoX-linkedfamilieswerefoundtransmittingtwonovelmutationsinthePOU3F4gene,whileanotherX-linkedfamilywasmappedontoanovellocus,nominatedasAUNX1(auditoryneuropathy,X-linkedlocus1).TheonlyY-linkedfamilywasmappedontotheDFNY1locus(Y-linkedlocus1,DFNY1).Eightofthe28autosomaldominantfamilieswerelinkedtovariousautosomalloci.Inpopulationgeneticsstudies,2,567familialcasesandsporadicpatientsweresubjectedtomutationscreeningforthreecommonhearinglossgenes:mtDNA12SrRNA1555G,GJB2andSLC26A4.TheauditoryneuropathycasesinoursampleswerescreenedforOTOFgenemutations.ConclusionsThesedatashowthattheChinesepopulationhasageneticloadonhereditaryhearingloss.Establishingpersonalizedsurveillanceandpreventionmodelsforhearing

简介：ThegeneticdifferentiationofKoreanpine(Pinuskoraiensis)indifferentaltitudesinChangbaiMountainwasanalyzedbyISSRtechnique,anditwasfoundthatthelevelofgeneticdiversityofKoreanpinereducesalongwithaltitudeincreasinginChangbaiMountain.ThevariationofKoreanpineismainlyfromintra-populationandthereisapositiverelativitybetweengeneticdistanceandverticalgeographicdistanceofKoreanpineindifferentaltitudes.ThegeneticcoherenceshowsthataltitudehaslessinsulationtoKoreanpine.Therefore,itisdeducedthattheterrainformationofverticaldistributionofKoreanpineisaresultofdiffusionfromloweraltitudetohigheraltitudeinthecourseofenlargingitsadaptability.

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简介：Inthispaper,anewzigzagmethodforplatestructuresandageneticalgorithm(GA)ofdynamicsourceseedspacesaredevelopedandacombinationofthemisusedtodealwithlargescalebuilt-upstructuraloptimization.ThenewGAcombinedwiththezigzagmethodcanworkefficientlywhencopingwithlargescalestructuraloptimizationincludeddisplacementandstressconstraints.ExamplesshowthatthisGAisrobustandcanbeusedformanycomplexstructuraloptimizationproblems.

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简介：AbstractObjective:Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare genetic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ABCC6 gene. While PXE is characterized by ectopic mineralization of connective tissues clinically affecting the skin, eyes, and cardiovascular system, kidney stones were reported in some individuals with PXE. The aim of this study is to determine whether kidney stones are an incidental finding or a frequent manifestation of PXE.Methods:We first investigated the genetic basis of two siblings diagnosed with PXE. The younger patient presented with recurrent kidney stones since 8 years old. Secondly, to address whether kidney stones are associated with PXE, the prevalence of kidney stones in a survey cohort of 563 respondents with PXE was compared to that of a general U.S. population survey, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, with 28,629 participants.Results:Genetic analysis in both patients identified compound heterozygous mutations in ABCC6, c.2787+1G>T, and c.3774_3775insC. The analysis of participants 20 years old and older revealed that 23.4% of PXE patients had previously had a kidney stone, a significant increase compared to 9.2% in the general population (P < 0.01). In addition, 17.8% of PXE patients reported their first kidney stone episode before age of 18 years old.Conclusions:PXE correlates with an increased risk of developing kidney stones with considerable morbidity and health-care cost.

简介：包括肠的组织变形(IM)和发育异常(Dys)评估在前列腺干细胞抗原(PSCA)和先进癌症前期的胃的损害的风险的基因多型性之间的关系的目的，基于人口的研究在Linqu被进行县，在中国的胃的癌症(GC)的一个高风险的区域。包括表面的胃炎(SG)的胃的损害的流行，长期的衰退胃炎(CAG)，IM和Dys被组织病理学说的检查决定的方法。遗传型被聚合酶链反应限制决定碎片长度多型性(PCR-RFLP)技术。IM和Dys的风险上的PSCA基因变体的效果被无条件的逻辑回归计算。结果Multivariate分析表明带PSCArs2294008CT/TT遗传型的题目与IM的增加的风险被联系(OR=1.38，95%CI=1.111.71)并且Dys(OR=1.75，95%CI=1.362.26)，特别为有H.pylori感染的题目(IM：OR=1.34，95%CI=1.051.71；Dys：OR=1.82，95%CI=1.372.42)。而且，H。pylori感染和PSCArs2294008CT/TT遗传型被观察联合提高IM的风险(OR=3.32，95%CI=2.334.71)并且Dys(OR=4.58，95%CI=2.997.04)。这研究建议了那PSCArs2294008的结论可能在GC的高风险人口之中影响IM或Dys的风险。

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简介：前列腺癌症(PCa)是在在西方的发达国家的人之中的最普通的癌症之一，它的发生在世界的许多另外的部分更加增加了，包括中国。PCa的病原学大部分是未知的，但是被认为是multifactorial，在继承遗传起一个重要作用的地方。在这篇文章，我们简短首先从家庭聚集和基因危险性的研究考察结果到PCa。我们然后，从连接的稀罕、高外显率的PCa危险性基因的翻新的胎面钥匙调查结果在PCa家庭学习。我们把这篇文章的重要部分奉献给在PCa情况和控制中从基因协会研究总结普通、低外显率的PCa联系风险的单个核苷酸的多型性(SNP)的发现，特别那些从染色体宽的协会研究(GWAS)。这篇文章的一个强壮的焦点是在这些含有的基因标记的潜在的临床的用途上考察文学。大多数这些出版研究用在为前列腺活体检视决定需要从多重联系风险的SNP和它的用途导出的一个基因分数描述了PCa风险评价。最后，我们评论基因分数的最新建议的概念；观点是为基因倾向把它当作一个标记，类似于家庭历史，而非一个诊断标记到从非癌症病人区别PCa病人。到日期的可得到的证据建议那个基因分数比家庭历史是一个目的和PCa的继承风险的更好的测量。这篇文章的另一个唯一的特征是在中国、日本的人口的PCa的基因协会研究的包括。

简介：粘弹性的参数正在变得更重要，他们的倒置算法被许多研究人员学习。基因算法与全球搜索和集中能力随机、自我适应、柔韧、启发式。基于直接VSP波浪方程，一个基因算法(GA)被介绍决定粘弹性的参数。首先，在频率的直接波浪方程被表示为速度由GA倒置估计了的复杂速度然后建筑群的功能。因为阶段速度和Q因素两个都是复杂速度的功能，他们的价值能容易被计算。然而，有那么多复杂速度，转换是困难的他们直接。他们能作为c0和c∞的一个函数被重写在倒置进程期间减少参数的数字。最后，一个理论模型实验证明我们的算法准确、有效。

简介：Theaccuracyofnumericalsimulationsandmanyothermaterialdesigncalculations,suchastherollingforce,rollingtorque,etc.,dependsonthedescriptionofstress-strainrelationshipofthedeformedmaterials.Onecommonmethodofdescribingthestress-strainrelationshipisusingconstitutiveequations,withtheunknownparametersfittedbyexperimentaldataobtainedviaplanestraincompression(PSC).DuetothehighlynonlinearbehaviouroftheconstitutiveequationsandthenoiseincludedinthePSCdata,determinationofthemodelparametersisdifficult.Inthispaper,geneticalgorithmswereexploitedtooptimiseparametersfortheconstitutiveequationsbasedonthePSCdata.TheoriginalPSCdatawereprocessedtogeneratethestress-straindata,anddatapre-processingwascarriedouttoremovethenoisecontainedintheoriginalPSCdata.Severalgeneticoptimisationschemeshavebeeninvestigated,withdifferentcodingschemesanddifferentgeneticoperatorsforselection,crossoverandmutation.Itwasfoundthattherealvaluecodedgeneticalgorithmsconvergedmuchfasterandweremoreefficientfortheparameteroptimisationproblem.

简介：农业害虫的生物控制依靠agroecosystem功能的知识，特别地当由大量生产的生物代理人的使用影响了时。用分子底的途径合并象基因差异和结构那样的pre-或这些代理人的版本以后的信息能推进我们他们怎么在agroecosystems表演的知识。我们评估了Macrolophuspygmaeus的人口遗传，大多数广泛地在地中海区域对温室庄稼的许多节肢动物害虫使用了食肉的mirid用mitochondrialCytb顺序和microsatellite数据，并且人口遗传和发展史途径。我们调查了商业地大量生产的昆虫(即，在为许多代的实验室饲养团的商业昆虫任何一个，或由农民购买了并且在温室释放了)并且野昆虫(即，在外面自然地发生或在温室为版本在自然被收集)。mirids主要在solanaceous植物在北西班牙，南部的法国和希腊是成年的在agroecosystems被收集。分子的标记和途径区分了2张遗传上区分的人口。不太遗传上多样的人口，此后从实验室mass-rearings和商业地引起的个人的大多数版本把包括的商业紧张称为所有个人。最遗传上多样的人口主要包括了从noncultivated环境，或从野蛮个人的版本发源的个人。在M之间的杂交的稀罕例子。从2张人口的pygmaeus被观察，不对称的基因流动被揭示。这些调查结果提供进发生在M身上的新卓见。在我们学习了的agroecosystems释放的pygmaeus，和监视一些商业种类是可能的表演。

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简介：AhybridGA(geneticalgorithm)-basedclustering(HGACLUS)schema,combiningmeritsoftheSimulatedAnnealing,wasdescribedforfindinganoptimalornear-optimalsetofmedoids.Thisschemamaximizedtheclusteringsuccessbyachievinginternalclustercohesionandexternalclusterisolation.TheperformanceofHGACLUSandothermethodswascomparedbyusingsimulateddataandopenmicroarraygene-expressiondatasets.HGACLUSwasgenerallyfoundtobemoreaccurateandrobustthanothermethodsdiscussedinthispaperbytheexactvalidationstrategyandtheexplicitclusternumber.

简介：Agenetic-optimizationframeworkbasedonthepartialcooperationcommunicationprotocolisproposedforscalablevideocoding(SVC)streamtransmissionundermulti-relayamplifyandforwardcooperativenetworks.Unliketraditionalcooperativetransmissionschemes,thetransmissionmodeforeachcodedunitinthisnewprotocolcanbeswitchedflexiblybetweendirecttransmissionandcooperativetransmission.Obviously,underthisprotocol,thebandwidthefficiencyandtransmissionrobustnesscanbebalancedadaptivelyaccordingtotheprioritylevelofcodedunitsandwirelesschannelfadingcharacteristics.Basedonthis,awell-knowngeneticoptimizationalgorithm-differentialevolutionisexploitedheretofindthejointlyoptimaltransmissionmodes,powerallocationandunequalerrorprotection(UEP)channelcodingstrategiestominimizetheendtoendreconstructedvideodistortion.Extensivesimulationresultsshowthat,comparedwithclassicaloptimalcooperativeUEPtransmissionschemes,theproposedoptimizedtransmissionframeworkbasedonthepartialcooperativeprotocolcanbringsignificantpeak-signal-to-noise-ratio(PSNR)gainsforthereconstructedvideoinavarietyofchannelbandwidth,powerbudgetandtestsequences.