简介：

简介：通过对分布于欧洲的水青冈（Ｆａｇｕｓｓｙｌｖａｔｉｃａ和Ｆａｇｕｓｏｒｅｎｔａｌｉｓ）和亚洲的水青冈（Ｆａｇｕｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ，Ｆａｇｕｓｃｒｅｎａｔａ，Ｆａｇｕｓｌｕｃｉｄａ，Ｆａｇｕｓｅｎｇｌｅｒｉａｎａ和Ｆａｇｕｓｐａｓｈａｎｉｃａ）的地理历史资料分析和凝胶电泳法等位酶的测定，探讨欧亚大陆水青冈地理变异和遗传多样性．所测定的酶系统包括：过氧化物酶（ＰＸ１和ＰＸ２）、磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（ＰＧＤ）、酸性磷酸化酶（ＡＣＰ１和ＡＣＰ２）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶（ＧＯＴ１，ＧＯＴ２和ＧＯＴ３）、异柠檬酸脱氢酶（ＩＤＨ）、磷酸果糖异构酶（ＰＧＩ）、甲基萘醌还原酶（ＭＮＲ）、葡萄糖磷酸变位酶（ＰＧＭ１和ＰＧＭ２）和苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ１和ＭＤＨ２）１０种酶系统．测定和分析了水青冈遗传相似性、固定指数及遗传多样性随经度、纬度和海拔高度的变化规律，讨论了水青冈起源和分布特点，为进一步研究水青冈的种间关系和地理历史进化过程提供了科学依据．

简介：西藏Shannan红鹿自然保护区是西藏的红鹿的地理分发的中心。这份报纸论述烘便的小团组在绿植物的时期期间在2013和2014期间收集了的199红鹿的DNA分析的结果。我们成功地与12microsatelliteloci从87个DNA小团组和坚定的单个鉴定提取了DNA。我们在R软件与Capwire评估了人口和各种各样的人口估计的基因差异。87个成功地提取的小团组来自50个个人。在人口，等位基因的平均数字是7.58吗？？

简介：现在的学习被承担决定病原并且M的isolates的基因差异。从斯里兰卡的湿、中间、干燥的地区收集考虑到的oryzae开发授与持久的抵抗到米饭的米饭变化强风。不重要词法或生长变化在学习的isolates之中存在。基因差异孤立由执行Pot2transposable决定元素基于repetitive

简介：AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), declared as a pandemic due to its rapid spread worldwide. In this study, we investigate the genetic diversity and genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, using 22 virus genome sequences reported by three different laboratories in Morocco till June 7,2020, as well as 40,366 virus genomes from all around the world. The SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Moroccan patients revealed 62 mutations, of which 30 were mis-sense mutations. The mutations Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L were present in all the 22 analyzed sequences, followed by N_G204R and N_R203K, which occurred in 9 among the 22 sequences. The mutations NSP10_R134S, NSP15_D335N, NSP16_I169L, NSP3_L431H, NSP3_P1292L and Spike_V6F occurred once in Moroccan sequences, with no record in other sequences worldwide. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Moroccan SARS-CoV-2 genomes included 9 viruses belonging to Clade 20A, 9 to Clade 20B and 2 to Clade 20C, suggesting that the epidemic spread in Morocco did not display a predominant SARS-CoV-2 route. Therefore, multiple and unrelated introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into Morocco through different routes have occurred, giving rise to the diversity of virus genomes in the country. Further, in all probability, the SARS-CoV-2 circulated in a cryptic way in Morocco, starting from January 15, 2020 before the first case was officially discovered on March 2, 2020.

简介：从低地和中国的高地就职的米饭landraces的基因差异用66多态的简单顺序重复(SSR)被调查标记。从所有324测试就职检测的等位基因的全部的数字每地点与8.409的一个平均等位基因数字(Na)是555，3.574的等位基因(Ne)的平均有效数字和普通香农是1.378的信息索引(I)。基因差异为与装饰用的梨树landraces相比的indicalandraces是更高的，并且高地landraces比低地landraces更遗传上多样。SSR标记，RM72，RM232，RM219，RM241，RM224和RM3显示出多型性的最高的率，这些SSR标记是合适的估计米饭germplasm资源的基因差异。低地和高地landraces的324就职的dendrogram证明所有米饭就职主要被细分进二个组，装饰用的梨树和indica，与是中间的一些。在装饰用的梨树和indica米饭组之中的低地和高地landraces的分发是不同的，与在在装饰用的梨树米饭，而是在indica米饭的没有如此的清楚的区别的低地和高地landraces之间的明显的区别。

简介：在引起线之中的基因差异和关系的调查是很重要的在引起节目的混合米饭便于父母选择。在这研究，我们与207简单顺序重复(SSR)和353单个核苷酸多型性(SNP)从国际瑞斯研究院描绘了168个混合米饭父母标记。1267SSR和706SNP等位基因的一个总数与6.1的一般水准(SSR)被检测并且2.0(SNP)每地点，分别地，到对面，所有衬里的等位基因。基于独立从SSR和SNP标记估计并且联合的基因距离，加入邻居的簇和结构一致地分析的unrooted把168个混合米饭父母分开了成二个主要的组：B线和R线，它与已知的父母家谱信息一致。从SSR和SNPgenotyping导出的基因距离矩阵高度被相关(r=0.81，P<0.001)，SSR和SNP标记两个都显示那有可区分的力量检测多型性并且为在热带混合米饭父母之中的基因差异分析是适当的。60个SSR标记的一个子集被核心亨特也基于总数与368等位基因，和簇分析选择，SSR标记的子集高度在r=通信0.91(P<0.001)，建议更少SSR标记能被用来在父母线之中分类并且评估基因差异。

简介：AbstractBackground:Giardia intestinalis is one of the most common causes of diarrhoea worldwide. Molecular techniques have greatly improved our understanding of the taxonomy and epidemiology of this parasite. Co-infection with mixed (sub-) assemblages has been reported, however, Sanger sequencing is sometimes unable to identify shared subtypes between samples involved in the same epidemiologically linked event, due to samples showing multiple dominant subtypes within the same outbreak. Here, we aimed to use a metabarcoding approach to uncover the genetic diversity within samples from sporadic and outbreak cases of giardiasis to characterise the subtype diversity, and determine if there are common sequences shared by epidemiologically linked cases that are missed by Sanger sequencing.Methods:We built a database with 1109 unique glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) locus sequences covering most of the assemblages of G. intestinalis and used gdh metabarcoding to analyse 16 samples from sporadic and outbreak cases of giardiasis that occurred in New Zealand between 2010 and 2018.Results:There is considerable diversity of subtypes of G. intestinalis present in each sample. The utilisation of meta-barcoding enabled the identification of shared subtypes between samples from the same outbreak. Multiple variants were identified in 13 of 16 samples, with Assemblage B variants most common, and Assemblages E and A present in mixed infections.Conclusions:This study showed that G. intestinalis infections in humans are frequently mixed, with multiple subtypes present in each host. Shared sequences among epidemiologically linked cases not identified through Sanger sequencing were detected. Considering the variation in symptoms observed in cases of giardiasis, and the potential link between symptoms and (sub-) assemblages, the frequency of mixed infections could have implications for our understanding of host-pathogen interactions.

简介：包括landraces，本地选择，和改进变化的一套50米饭遗传型用简单顺序重复(SSR)被描绘并且内部学习的简单顺序重复(ISSR)标记基因差异和人口结构。有算术平均数的后面的未加权的对组方法基于用多态的标记的二进制数据聚类，遗传型被组织进5簇和11亚簇，而人口结构分析把50米饭遗传型分开了成5亚人口。米饭遗传型组织与遗传型的家谱信息显示出更好的相似。基因差异和人口结构分析把改进变化的多数与landraces和本地选择分开了。一些SSR标记放大了对特别遗传型特定并且能把他们与剩余的区分开来的唯一的等位基因。结果显示这些米饭遗传型展出更高基因的差异并且能在米饭改进节目很有用。

简介：MicrosatellitemarkersandmorphologicalcharacteristicswereusedtoexplorethegeneticdiversityandpossibleoriginofweedyriceinTaizhouCity,JiangsuProvince,China.Fifty-twoweedyrice(OryzasativaL.)accessionswerecomparedwithtwowildrice,fourhybridriceandfivecultivarsusing22simplesequencerepeat(SSR)primerpairs.Atotalof107fragmentswereamplified,averaging5.6allelesperprimerpair.Thepolymorphicindexcontent(PIC)valuesrangedfrom0.3077to0.7951,averagingat0.5870.Theaveragegeneticdistanceofallsamplesrangedfrom0.02to0.46withanaverageof0.262.ThegeneticdistanceamongTaizhouweedyricerangedfrom0.03to0.44withanaverageof0.224.ClusteranalysisshowedthatalltheweedyriceaccessionsfromTaizhouCitywereindica,andcouldbesubdividedintodifferentgenotypes.Themajority(86%)ofweedyricewasmostcloselyrelatedtohybridrice.TheTaizhouweedyriceaccessionsweremorphologicallysimilar,butstillcouldbedelineatedintoindicaorjaponicagroupbysomemorphologicaltraits.ItissuggestedthatthelevelsofgeneticandmorphologicaldiversitiesofweedyriceinTaizhouCityarelowandtheseweedyriceplantsoriginatedfromthesegregatingprogeniesofhybridricethathadnaturallyintrogressedwithcultivatedrice.

简介：从农业(USDA)米饭收集的美国部门的36个米饭条目的基因差异用103ILP(intron长度多型性)和54SSR(简单顺序重复)被估计标记。236和332等位基因的一个总数被ILP和SSR标记分别地检测。平均，SSR标记比ILP标记生产了更高的多型性信息内容价值和等位基因的数字。而Nei的基因距离测量了，使用SSR标记比用ILP标记测量了的高得多。壁炉架的测试显示有统计上重要的关联(r=0.827，P<0.001)在二个标记系统之间。基于ILP和SSR标记聚类的UPGMA导致了一致dendrograms。cophenetic关联系数(r=0.918，0.878和0.924，P<0.001为ILP，SSR和联合标记，分别地)证明高度精确的dendrogram在这些条目之中代表了基因距离。36个条目被划分成四个组。四非洲的Oryzaglaberrima就职在不同的组(I)以内被聚类，并且留下的条目被分开成三个组(II，III和IV)。所有条目能也被聚类进二个主要的组：一个人由III和IV组成，看作了indica组，并且其他人由构成我(O。glaberrima)并且II(像装饰用的梨树)。当indica组分享了混合祖先时，基于模型的簇分析表明像装饰用的梨树的组维持了很纯的祖先，特别为组III，它有七混合与组IV从19.5%～30.0%祖先分享(基于SSR标记)。ILP和SSR标记能为基因学习是很有用的并且在米饭繁殖，这被建议。

简介：Thegeneticdiversityanddifferentiationof6mudcrabScyllaserratapopulationsfromsoutheasternChinaareinvestigatedusingallozymeelectrophoresis.Themeannumberofallelesperlocuspopulationis1.3±0.1;thepercentageofpolymorphiclociperpopulationis27.3;theobservedheterozygosityrangesfrom(0.195±0.083)to(0.241±0.090)andtheexpectedheterozygosityrangesfrom(0.105±0.043)to(0.131±0.047).Thecoefficientofgenedifferentiationamongpopulationsislow(Fst=0.032),indicatingthatonly3.2%ofthetotalgeneticdiversitycomesfrominter-population,whiletheremaining96.8%comesfromintra-populationdifferences.Thegeneticdistanceamongpopulationsis0.000～0.008(theaverageis0.002).Geneflowamongthepopulationsislarge(Nm=7.56).Geneticstructureisverysimilaramong6Scyllaserratapopulations.

简介：AbstractThe recently emerged Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has quickly spread around the world. Although many consensus mutations of the Omicron variant have been recognized, little is known about its genetic variation during its transmission in the population. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the genetic differentiation and diversity of the Omicron variant during its early outbreak. We found that Omicron achieved more structural variations, especially deletions, on the SARS-CoV-2 genome than the other four variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta) in the same timescale. In addition, the Omicron variant acquired, except for 50 consensus mutations, seven great new non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions during its spread. Three of them are on the S protein, including S_A701V, S_L1081V, and S_R346K, which belong to the receptor-binding domain (RBD). The Omicron BA.1 branch could be divided into five divergent groups spreading across different countries and regions based on these seven novel mutations. Furthermore, we found that the Omicron variant possesses more mutations related to a faster transmission rate than the other SARS-CoV-2 variants by assessing the relationship between the genetic diversity and transmission rate. The findings indicated that more attention should be paid to the significant genetic differentiation and diversity of the Omicron variant for better disease prevention and control.

简介：AbstractSFTS virus (SFTSV) is a novel bunyavirus, which was discovered as the etiological agent of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in China in 2009, and was now prevalent in at least 25 provinces in China. SFTS was subsequently identified in South Korea and Japan in 2012. To explore the molecular evolution and genetic characteristics of this newly identified pathogen, we reported 72 whole genome sequences of SFTSV, and built a dataset of SFTSV genome sequences containing 292 L-segment, 302 M-segment and 502 S-segment. We clearly divided SFTSV into six genotypes, Genotype A-F. It was found that genotype F was the dominant epidemic genotype of Japan, South Korea, and Zhejiang province of China. The coalescent analysis supported that SFTSV originated in the early 18th century from Zhejiang province, and Genotype F was the most primitive one. Henan, Hubei, and Anhui provinces which are located in Dabie Mountain area were mainly epidemic of Genotype A, which emerged relatively late but distributed widely. A total of 37 recombination events were identified, making SFTSV with a high recombination frequency (L segment 5.1%, M segment 3.6%, S segment 0.8%) among negative-strand segmented RNA viruses. It was identified that 19 reassortant strains belonged to 12 reassortment forms of SFTSV genome containing 6 newly identified forms. The reassortment virus and recombination in tick were both found for the first time. We also found many of genotype-specific mutation sites, 7 of which could be considered as potential molecular marker for genotype classification. This study promoted a more comprehensive understanding of the phylogeny and origin, and the genetic diversity of SFTSV, and it could help the studies of other newly discovered tick-borne bunyavirus as reference data and research ideas.

简介：Assessmentofgeneticdiversityisanessentialcomponentingermplasmcharacterizationandconservation.TherearethreewildricespeciesinHainanProvince,includingOryzarufipogonGriff.InordertodetectthegeneticdiversityofdifferentpopulationsofOryzarufipogoninHainan,ISSR(inter-simplesequencerepeat)andSSR(simplesequencerepeat)markerswereusedtoinvestigate180accessionsfromsixlocalitiesinHainan.FourteenISSRprimersamplified185alleleswith171(92.43%)polymorphic,thenumberofallelesrangedfrom8to17,withanaverageof13.14allelesperlocus.Thirty-eightpairsofSSRprimersusedinthisstudyamplified213alleleswith190(89.20%)polymorphic,thenumberofallelesrangedfrom2to14,withanaverageof5.66allelesperlocus.BothISSRandSSRanalysesrevealedahighlevelofgeneticdiversityinthewildpopulations.ThepopulationwiththehighestgeneticdiversityisWanning(WN),andthepopulationwithlowestgeneticdiversityisWenchang(WC).TheresultsofaUPGMAclusterusingtheNTSYSprogramshowedthateachpopulationhasalowdegreeofgeneticdifferentiation.Furthermore,theManteltestrevealedthatthegeneticsimilaritiesdetectedbyISSRandSSRweresignificantlycorrelated(r=0.8634,t=93.67)whendetectinggeneticdiversityatthespecieslevel.ThetwomolecularmarkersystemswereabletodeterminethegeneticdiversityamongOryzarufipogon,andthetwogroupsofindexesobtainedbyusingthetwomarkershaveahighlevelofconsistency.

简介：PCR-DGGEapproachwasusedtoanalyzebacterialdiversityinthebottomsectionofsevenarcticseaicesamplescolletedfromtheCanadaBasin.Thirty-two16SrDNAsequenceswereobtainedfromprominentDGGEbands.Theclosestrelativesofthesesequencesarefoundtobethoseofcultivatedorunculturedbacteriafromantarcticorarcticseaice.Phylogeneticanalysisclusteredthesesequencesorphylotypeswithinα-proteobacteria,γ-proteobacteriaandCFB(cytophaga-flexibacter-bacteroides)group.Sequencesbelongingtoγ-proteobacteriaweredominantandmembersoftheCFBgroupwerehighlyabundant.ItwassuggestedthattheCFBgroupwastherepresentativeofthebottomsectionofseaicesamples.

简介：solani孤立的Rhizoctonia的55件代表性的样品，从在四川省的五个不同生态的区域镇定、孤立，中国，为致病力和分子的基因变化被净化并且分析。菌丝的熔化测试表明除了isolateD42，几乎所有isolates属于AG-IIA组。另外，一些isolates正在衔接孤立，它能同时与几熔化组。致病力分析在上在vitro，叶子证实了一个重要致病力变化在测试孤立。55孤立然后被进一步的RAPD(随机放大的多态的DNA)分类进8个组在0.941的类似系数的簇分析。结果在四川省在某些生态的条件下面建议那，中国，大多数R。solani紧张是遗传上稳定的，但是一些急速地变化了。

简介：有在装饰用的梨树米饭(OryzasativaL.)的不同生态型的115个变化(包括的栽培变种和线)被钠dodecyl硫酸盐polyacrylamide(SDS页)为内乳存储蛋白质分析为基因改善和变化鉴定的目的估计他们的基因差异。侧面的十九种类型根据1被识别)65个kDa乐队，的存在/缺席2)染色70的紧张，60,57，37-39，22-23，13和10个kDa乐队，3)35kDa(a-4)的迁居速度并且4)乐队数字at57kDa地点。有算术的一个未加权对的组一般水准方法意味着(UPGMA)蛋白质乐队的基因类似的簇分析上的dendrogrambased在测试材料之中显示出smallgeneticvariation，与变化在之间的类似系数第0.75a1.00。三个不同的组从变化在0.894的类似系数水平学习了的米饭的簇分析被识别。第一个组与高直链淀粉内容包括了八个变化，第二个组与高蛋白质内容包含了十五个变化，并且第三个组有留下92个变化，它说明了80%全部的材料。在簇分析揭示的成熟和组区分的生态型之间的清楚的关系没在这研究被发现。仅仅高直链淀粉的组连接了withmedium成熟媒介装饰用的梨树生态型。70kDa和65kDa的乐队能被用作蛋白质标记鉴别F_1播种装饰用的梨树杂交稻Liuyanyou422的纯净。

简介：Atotal61cloneparentsand320open-pollinationprogeniesfrom8cloneindividualswereidentifiedby12polymorphicSSRloci.Theresultshowedthatthelevelofgeneticdiversityinprogenypopulationwasthesameasinmaternalpopulation,progenypopulationhadallallelesdetectedinmaternalpopulation,andtherewerenotobvioussurplusphenomenonofhomozygotesinprogenypopulation(F=0.046).Thesouthcrownhadmorestrobilithanthenorthcrown,howeverthegeneticdiversityofthenorthcrownstrobiliwasnotsubstantiallyreduced.Theprogenyofneutraltreeshadthesamelevelofgeneticdiversityasintheprogenyofpartialfemaletrees,withthefixationindextendedtobezero,whichwasaccordedwithHardy-Weinbergequilibrium.Themultilocusoutcrossingrateintheseedorchardwas1.097,andtherewasnosignificantinbreedingbetweenparents(t_m-t_s=-0.031).Themultilocusoutcrossingrateandsinglelocusoutcrossingrateinthesouthcrownwerehigherthanthatinthenorthcrown.Themultilocusoutcrossingrateofpartialfemaletreeswasthesameasinneutraltrees,andtheneutraltreehadnoobviousdecliningoutcrossingratewithreducedproportionoffemaleandmalestrobiluscomparedwithpartialfemaletree,withthefixationindextendedtobezero.Theprogenyofthesecondgenerationclonalseedorchardstillhadrichgeneticdiversity,geneexchangeamongcloneswasrelativelysufficient,andbiparentalinbreedingwasnotsignificant.

简介：包括16不育系的米饭isonuclear-alloplasmic线和他们的维护者线的四个集合被使用91份SSR教材学习原子染色体和他们的相对关系的基因差异分析。169等位基因的一个总数在16根线被检测，与53.85%的多态的loci和每1.8的地点的等位基因的一个平均数字的频率，并且平均基因差异是0.228。无菌的线分享了的isonuclear-alloplasmicmale的四个集合146相同等位基因，相应于86.39%全部的等位基因；同时，在测试材料之中有23不同等位基因，是13.61%全部的等位基因。平均，78.70%相同等位基因和全部的等位基因的21.30%不同等位基因在isonuclear-alloplasmic不育系和他们的维护者线之间被检测。Therewere53.85%相同等位基因和在homozygousallonucleus不育系之中的全部的等位基因的46.15%不同等位基因。指纹为某不育系和维护者线被建立。测试的所有材料基于簇分析在0.2遗传距离被划分成三个组。HuanongA和HuayuA(包括的Huanong乐队HuayuB)的八根线在第一个组，KezhenA的四根线(包括KezhenB)在在第三个组的Zhenshan97A(包括的Zhenshan97B)的第二个组，和四根线。为theisonuclear-alloplasmic不育系，在Y(Yegong)类型和WA之间的类似系数(野未成功)打字或在CW(Raoping野米饭)和WA之间打到达87-98%。