简介:摘要:在当前的语文教学中,学生阅读量不足是一个严重的问题。教材所能提供的文章数量有限,学生需要运用课外阅读材料来拓展自身的阅读范围、增加阅读量,这样才能促进语文素养的提升。运用“1+X”群文阅读的方式可以通过结构化的课程资源来丰富学生的阅读内容,激发学生的阅读兴趣,提升学生的阅读能力。本文从“1+X”群文阅读的价值出发,粗浅地谈谈“
简介:摘要:为了提高大学生的就业率,提高物联网技术应用专业人才的培养质量和效率,高职院校鼓励学生考取职业技能等级证书,因此“1+X”证书是一种有效的制度保证。在“1+X”证书制度背景下,如何将职业技能和课程教学进行结合,确保课证融通的有效性是主要研究的内容。本文首先对“1+X”证书制度的意义进行简要分析,然后说明了电子信息类专业课证融通的必要性,最后提出了“1+X”证书制度背景下课证融通的研究思路,从而提高电子信息类专业人才培养的质量。
简介:摘要:产教融合的实行,以及 1+X证书制度,都在改变着当前的职业教育。然而,制度融合不彻底、实施践行不足、认证管理体系不健全、校企深度融合不畅、协同创新不多等问题,校企共同研讨分析,结合国内外智能制造业先进经验和做法,对职业教育人才培养模式进行梳理,研究构建规范的1+X考核与认证管理生态体系框架,开展1+X职业技能认证试点。调研智能制造行业企业实际岗位技能需求,并把结果当成培养的依据,对此做出一定的优化,构建课证一体的课程体系,研究实践课证融合的教学改革。同时,本文为
简介:AbstractBackground:Macrophages play an important role in renal ischemia reperfusion injury, but the functional changes of macrophages under hypoxia/reoxygenation and the related mechanism are unclear and need to be further clarified.Methods:The effects of hypoxia/reoxygenation on functional characteristics of RAW264.7 macrophages were analyzed through the protein expression detection of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and CD80, anti-inflammatory factors ARG-1 and CD206. The functional implications of C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1(CX3CR1) down-regulation in hypoxic macrophages were explored using small interfering RNA technology. Significance was assessed by the parametric t-test or nonparametric Mann-Whitney test for two group comparisons, and a one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple group comparisons.Results:Hypoxia/reoxygenation significantly increased the protein expression of M1-related pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, CD80 and chemokine C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1)/CX3CR1 and inhibited the protein expression of M2-related anti-inflammatory factors ARG-1 and CD206 in a time-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells. However, the silencing of CX3CR1 in RAW264.7 cells using specific CX3CR1-siRNA, significantly attenuated the increase in protein expression of TNF-α (P < 0.05) and CD80 (P < 0.01) and the inhibition of ARG-1 (P < 0.01) and CD206 (P < 0.01) induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation. In addition, we also found that hypoxia/reoxygenation could significantly enhance the migration (2.2-fold, P < 0.01) and adhesion capacity (1.5-fold, P < 0.01) of RAW264.7 macrophages compared with the control group, and CX3CR1-siRNA had an inhibitory role (40% and 20% reduction, respectively). For elucidating the mechanism, we showed that the phosphorylation levels of ERK (P < 0.01) and the p65 subunit of NF-κB (P < 0.01) of the RAW264.7 cells in the hypoxic/reoxygenation group were significantly increased, which could be attenuated by down-regulation of CX3CR1 expression (P < 0.01, both). ERK inhibitors also significantly blocked the effects of hypoxic/reoxygenation on the protein expression of M1-related pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, CD80 and M2-related anti-inflammatory factors ARG-1 and CD206. Moreover, we found that conditioned medium from polarized M1 macrophages induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation, notably increased the degree of apoptosis of hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced TCMK-1 cells, and promoted the protein expression of pro-apoptotic proteins bax (P < 0.01) and cleaved-caspase 3 (P < 0.01) and inhibited the expression of anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 (P < 0.01), but silencing CX3CR1 in macrophages had a protective role. Finally, we also found that the secretion of soluble CX3CL1 in RAW264.7 macrophages under hypoxia/reoxygenation was significantly increased.Conclusions:The findings suggest that hypoxia/reoxygenation could promote M1 polarization, cell migration, and adhesion of macrophages, and that polarized macrophages induce further apoptosis of hypoxic renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway.
简介:摘要:课外阅读不仅可以拓宽学生的视野,丰富学生的知识,更重要的是可以提高学生的人文素养。语文课程标准提出培养学生广泛的阅读兴趣,扩大阅读面,增加阅读量。因此,课外阅读在小学阶段显得尤为重要。笔者在“1+x”的导向下进行小学语文课外阅读上进行了系列的探究,总结了“结合经典,日有所诵”、“开放图书馆进行大量阅读”、“依托读书节进行亲子共读”、“结合快乐读书吧进行整本书阅读”、“以主题单元进行阅读检测”等方法。
简介:摘要:很多内涵丰富、语言隽永、短小精悍的文言文,都蕴含着华夏先辈的灵动思想与伟大智慧,且更是华夏五千年文化的瑰宝。小学阶段学生所接触的文言文虽然内容比较简单,但对于认知体系还不够完备、知识积淀还不够丰富的小学学生而言,依然有着很大难度。尤其是文言文中所涉及的一些古今异义词、特殊句式、词类活用等知识,更成为制约学生文言文学习的瓶颈。这使得很多学生一旦提到文言文,就会显得不知所措,而思想与认识层面的排斥,导致文言文教学的开展阻碍重重、问题居多。基于此,教师应在积极探寻小学语文文言文教学新模式、新手段、新策略上寻求突破,并以学生实际为基础,科学设定教学目标,灵活落实教学指导。通过对“1+X”教学策略的科学引入,从不同层面来激发学生的文言文学习兴趣,让学生在由少到多、由此及彼的认识体验中不断丰富自身知识积淀,以促使小学文言文教学向着高质量、多元化方向而发展。
简介:摘要:目的 探究职业院校1+X母婴护理证书“书证融通”举措。 方法 以100例职业院校助产专业学生为对象,研究时间为2020年9月-2020年12月,其中50例实施常规教学,视为参照组,50例实施“1+x证书”书证融通教学,视为研究组,对比管理效果。结果 研究组学生的理论知识评分(92.13±5.43)、操作知识评分(91.68±5.69)与综合知识评分(92.09±6.56)高于参照组各指标(P
简介:摘要:从2019年开始,国家在职业院校启动了“1+X”证书制度试点工作。1+X证书代表的是高职技术人才朝着更专业和更高素质方向发展。本文基于对“1+X”概念的分析,针对高职电子商务实训室建设中的问题,提出相应优化策略。