简介:Background:Wearablemonitors(WMs)areusedtoestimatethetimespentinsedentarybehaviors(SBs)andlight-intensityphysicalactivities(LPAs)andtheirassociatedenergycost;however,theaccuracyofWMsinmeasuringbehaviorsonthelowerendoftheintensityspectrumisunclear.Theaimofthisstudywastoassessthevalidityof3WMs(ActiGraphGT3X+;activPAL,andSenseWear2)inestimatingtheintensityofSBandLPAinadultsascomparedwiththecriterionmeasureofoxygenuptake(VO2)measuredbyindirectcalorimetry.Methods:Sixteenparticipants(age:25.38±8.58years)woretheActiGraphGT3X+,activPAL,andSenseWear2devicesduring7sedentary-to-lightactivities.VO2(mL/kg/min)wasestimatedbymeansofaportablegasanalyzer,OxyconMobile(Carefusion,YorbaLinda,CA,USA).Alldataweretransformedintometabolicequivalentsandanalyzedusingmeanpercentageerror,equivalenceplots,Bland-Altmanplots,kappastatistics,andsensitivity/specificity.Results:MeanpercentageerrorwaslowestfortheactivPALforSB(14.9%)andLPA(9.3%)comparedwithotherWMs,whichwere>21.2%.NoneoftheWMsfellwithintheequivalencyrangeof±10%ofthecriterionmeanvalue.Bland-AltmanplotsrevealednarrowerlevelsofagreementwithallWMsforSBthanforLPA.KappastatisticswerelowforallWMs,andsensitivityandspecificityvariedbyWMtype.Conclusion:NoneoftheWMstestedinthisstudywereequivalentwiththecriterionmeasure(VO2)inestimatingsedentary-to-lightactivities;however,theactivPALhadgreateroverallaccuracyinmeasuringSBandLPAthandidtheActiGraphandSenseWear2monitors.
简介:Inthepast,blast-resistantdesignsforstructureswereoftenconstructedwithmassivetypestructuralsystems,whichreliedmoreonbrutestrengththanonfinessetoachievetherequiredblastresistance.However,structurescomposedofCOLD-FORMEDsteelcomponents,suchassheetmetalandmetalstuds,haveshowngreatpromiseinprovidingblastresistancewiththeaddedbenefitsoflowcostandeaseofconstruction.Someexamplesofusingsuchstructurestoprovidecontainmentforpackagehandlingfacilities(PHF)aredescribedinthepaperforsituationswhereblastcontainmentisneeded,suchasapotentialpackagebombbeingdiscoveredduringthepackagevettingprocess.Resultsfromtestsandanalyticdataareusedtoillustrateaspectsofdesignpeculiartosuchtypesofapplications.DesignsforspecificcapacitiesofPHFaredescribed.
简介:Beingavisually-impaired(VI)studentattendingmainstreamclassesposesachallengetothemconsideringthelimitationpresentedbytheirlimitedvision.Thisphenomenologicalstudytriedtoexplorethesedifficultiesandidentifythedifferentcopingskillsthathelpedtheminpursuingtheirschooling.ItwasfoundoutthatVIstudentsdevelopedacertainadaptivemechanismthatenablesthemtosurvivetheiracademicjourney.Theirdifficultytaughtthemtoinnovatethemselvestobecomeaccustomedtothegrowingdemandofsocietyforthemtobeequallycompetitiveandproductiveindividualthatdoesnotconsidertheirdifficultiesashindrance.ItwasfoundoutthatVIstudentswhoareinthemainstreamclasseshaveastrongersocio-academicadaptabilitywhichenablesthemtorelatethemselvestotheirmainstreamcounterpartsandtoexcelintheiracademics.Thestudyrevealedthattheirsocialadaptationinvolvesstrongspiritualfoundation,self-confidence,self-motivation,senseofbelongingness,andbettersupportsystemfromfamiliesandfriends.Ontheotherhand,theiracademicadaptationincludestechnology,effectiveteacheraides,innovativestrategies,andmaterialsfortheblind.Whenallthiscomponentsareconsidered,thereisanassurancethatVIstudentsattendingmainstreamclassescanfinishtheirschooling.
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简介:Background:Identifyingfactorsassociatedwithphysicalactivity(PA)isusefulinplanninginterventionsandpolicies.Theaimofthisstudywastoidentifysociodemographic,biological,andpsychosocialfactorsassociatedwithPAperformedinschoolsettings.Methods:Datacollectedforthepresentstudyincludedgender,age,socioeconomicstatus,bodyfatpercentage,aerobicfitness,self-efficacy,attitudes,peerandparentalsupport,andperceptionofschoolenvironment.Dependentvariableswerelight-intensityPA(LPA)andmoderate-to-vigorousintensityPA(MVPA)performedduringschooltime,recesses,andphysicaleducation(PE)classes.Multipleregressionanalyseswereperformed.Results:Participatingadolescents(n=567,53%female,12.9±5.3years)spent5%ofschooltimeinMVPAand27%inLPA,15%ofrecessesinMVPAand44%inLPA,and16%ofPEclassesinMVPAand41%inLPA.BoysengagedinmoreMVPAinallcategories.AgewasinverselyrelatedwithMVPAandLPAinallperiods,whereasbodyfatpercentagewasinverselyrelatedwithMVPAinschooltimeandPEclasses.AttitudewasinverselyrelatedwithMVPAinallperiodsandwithLPAinrecesses.ConsideringPAtobegoodandenjoyablewaspositivelyassociatedwithMVPAinschooltime.Conclusion:AdolescentsspentlittletimeinPAduringschool.Futureinterventionsshouldimplementenjoyableactivitiesatschool.