简介：Variousmethodsforsynthesisof2-methyl-5,6-(1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxatridecamethyl-ene)benzotellurazole(8)aredescribed.Underdifferentconditions,alkylationofcompound8withmethyliodidegavetelluroniumsalt1,2-dimethyl-5,6-(1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxatridecamethylene)benzo-tellurazoliumiodide(15)orquaternaryammoniumsalt2,3-dimethyl-5,6-(1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxatri-decamethylene)benzotellurazoliumiodide(14)inhighyields,repectively.Thecyaninedye3,3’-dimethyl-5,6,5’,6’-bis(1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxatridecamethylene)telluracarbocyanineiodide(16)isobtainedbycondensationof14withethylorthoformateinaceticanhydride.Thevisibleabsorptionofthecyaninedyeisalsodiscussed.

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简介：为水里的大球形的水泡，几何光学近似为散布模式的精明的光被认为一个更好的方法。在这份报纸，几何光学近似的基本理论被澄清。当全部的思考发生时，为水泡的阶段的变化被计算，它与有比1大的相对折射索引的粒子不同。方法的确认被假定一个球形的粒子并且把现在的结果比作Mie散布和Debye计算完成。当无尺寸的尺寸参数比50大时，对Mie理论的同意在所有方向是优秀的。几何光学近似的限制也被讨论。

简介：Inthepresentstudy,theformulacalculatingshipimpactforcesonlightwharfstructuresispresentedwhentheelasticdeformationofthehullandthepierstructuresaswellasthenonlineardeformationofthefenderaretakenintoaccount.TheshipimpactforcesarestatisticallyanalyzedwiththeMonte-Carlomethodaccordingtotheknownprobabilitydistributiontypesofrandomvariables.Basedonthesimulatedresults,thedistributionofshipimpactforceswhichischaracterizedbybimodaldistributioncanbeexpressedasthecombiningprobabilitydensityfunctionofbetadistributionandnormaldistribution.Thecorrespondingparametersoftheprobabilitydensityfunctioncanbeestimatedwiththemaximumlikelihoodmethod.TheresultsshowthatshipimpactforcesonlightwharfstructuresfollowthedistributionoftypeIextremevalue.Themeancoefficientandvariationcoefficientare1.11and0.008respectivelyduring50yearsofdesignreferenceperiod.

简介：ThehotloaddeformationtestsoffourkindsofinsulatingfireclaybrickswerecarriedoutusingahightemperaturecreepfurnacefromSinosteelLuoyangInstituteofRefractoriesResearchCo.,Ltd.Thetestingloadwasfixedat0.069MPaandthetotaltestingtimewaswithin6hincludingtheholdingtimeof1.5h.Thehotloaddeformationprocessofinsulatingfireclaybrickscanbedividedintothreesteps:(1)expansionstepfromroomtemperaturetoRULTmax;(2)quickshrinkagestepbetweenRULTmaxandTtest;3)relativelyslowshrinkagestepduringholdingprocess.Thedeformationrateatthebeginningofholdingprocess(D0h)shouldbecontrolledwithin±0.1%.ThehotloaddeformationtestingtemperatureofinsulatingfireclaybrickswasoptimizedasthevalueofRULTmaxplus220℃.

简介：Thetetravalentmetalsaltsofmonoalkylphosphates[M(R-OPO3)2]areanewkindofstationaryphasesofchromatography-homogeneousbondedphases.Thestudiesonpreparation,structureandgaschromatographicefficiencyofceriumbis(octylphosphate)(COPP)arereportedinthispaper.Byusingchemicalanalysis,infraredspectra,x-raydiffractionanalysis,thestrongevidencethatCOPPhasalayeredstructureoftheα-zirconiumphosphatetypewasdemonstrated,therepetitiveunitisC8H17OPO3CeO3POC8H17andthereisalittlebendingorinterpenetrationofthealkylchainswithinthelayers.ThethermogravimeticanalysisoftheCOPPindicatedthatithasmuchmorethermalstabilitythansilica-basedpackings.ThethermodynamicparametersΔHandmolecularconnectivityindexesx′fortheadsorptionofseveraldozencompoundsontheCOPPhavealsobeendeterminedbygaschromatographicmethod,andthefinelinearitybetweenthemwasshown.

简介：ThespinHalleffectoflight(SHEL)canbeobservedbythedarkstripresultingfromweakmeasurement.WefindthattheSHELofapartiallycoherentbeam(PCB)hasasimilarphenomenonaswell.However,thedarkstripintheSHELofaPCBcannotbeexplainedbyconsideringthebeamasanassemblanceofcoherentspeckles.Also,thedarkstripinaPCBisnotpurelydark.Byanalyzingtheautocorrelation,weshowthattheSHELofaPCBistheresultofoverlappingcoherentspeckles'SHEL.Wefurtherproveourconclusionbyadjustingconvergenceandincidentangles.Finally,wedevelopaqualitativetheorytoclarifytheSHELofaPCB.

简介：Themechanismofcarriertransportinorganiclight-emittingdevicesisnumericallystudied,onthebasisoftrappedcharge-limitedconductionwithanexponentialtrapdistribution.Thespatialdistributionsoftheelectricalpotential,fieldandcarrierdensityintheorganiclayerarecalculatedandanalysed.Mostcarriersaredistributednearthetwoelectrodes,onlyafewofthemaredistributedovertheremainingpartoftheorgaiclayer,Thecarriersareaccumulatedneartheelectrodes,andtheremainingregionisalmostexhaustedofcarriers.Whenthecharacteristicenergyoftrapdistributionisgreaterthan0.3eV.itleadstoareductionofcurrentdensity.Inordertoimprovethedeviceefficiency,organicmaterialswithminortrapsandlowcharacteristicenergyshouldbechosen.Thediffusioncurrentisthedominantcomponentneartheinjectionelectrode.whereasthedriftcurrentdominatestheremainingregionoftheorganiclayer.

简介：Thestructuralparametersoflow-steppedmirrorwhichisthecorecomponentofalightFouriertransforminfraredspectrometer(FTIRS)haveimportantinfluenceontheperformanceoftheinstrument.Asimplemethodofmultipledepositionisproposedtofabricatealow-steppedmirrorwithstepheightof625nm,foritshighprecision,highefficiencyandminiaturization.Sothefilmstresswillbeintroducedintheprocessofcoating,whichcanleadtostepdeformation.Webuildabendingmodelofthelow-steppedmirrorandanalyzetheinfluenceofitsdeformation.Thelightintensityandspectrumarechangedbythestepdeformation.Therefore,thefilmstressshouldbereducedinordertoensuretheaccuracyofthespectralinformation.Increasingthethicknessofsubstrateis.proposedinthispapertoreducethestepdeformation,besidesadjustingthecoatingtemperatureandaddingsub-layer.Ourresultsrevealthatthebasicrequirementsofthesystemaresatisfiedwhenthethicknessofthesubstrateis5mmintheappropriatecoatingenvironment.AnFTIRSbasedonsteppedmirrorsandgridbeamsplitterisassembledandcorrespondingexperimentiscarriedouttoobtainthespectrumcurveofacetonitrile.

简介：AbstractVisualization and access. Historically, these have been the two major factors that have limited advancement in the field of Otolaryngology. No other surgical specialty deals with anatomical challenges quite like those presented by the structures of the head and neck. Otolaryngology is a field of dark cavities, complex and miniscule structures, and awkward angles. The aim of this article is to briefly explore how Otolaryngologists have historically met these challenges, with a specific focus on technological advancements in illumination, visualization, and access. From mirrors reflecting candlelight to fiberoptic illuminated scopes, from bamboo nasal speculums to Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS), tracing the historical arc of these technologies highlights the innovative spirit that has come to define the field of Otolaryngology.

简介：Realizationofefficientyellow-light-emittingdiodes(LEDs)hasalwaysbeenachallengeinsolid-statelighting.Greatefforthasbeenmade,butonlyslightadvancementshaveoccurredinthepastfewdecades.AftercomprehensiveworkonInGaN-basedyellowLEDsonSisubstrate,wesuccessfullymadeabreakthroughandpushedthewall-plugefficiencyof565-nm-yellowLEDsto24.3%at20A∕cm~2and33.7%at3A∕cm~2.ThesuccessofyellowLEDscanbecreditedtotheimprovedmaterialqualityandreducedcompressivestrainofInGaNquantumwellsbyaprestrainedlayerandsubstrate,aswellasenhancedholeinjectionbya3DpnjunctionwithV-pits.

简介：Background:Wearablemonitors（WMs）areusedtoestimatethetimespentinsedentarybehaviors（SBs）andlight-intensityphysicalactivities（LPAs）andtheirassociatedenergycost;however,theaccuracyofWMsinmeasuringbehaviorsonthelowerendoftheintensityspectrumisunclear.Theaimofthisstudywastoassessthevalidityof3WMs（ActiGraphGT3X+;activPAL,andSenseWear2）inestimatingtheintensityofSBandLPAinadultsascomparedwiththecriterionmeasureofoxygenuptake（VO2）measuredbyindirectcalorimetry.Methods:Sixteenparticipants（age:25.38±8.58years）woretheActiGraphGT3X+,activPAL,andSenseWear2devicesduring7sedentary-to-lightactivities.VO2（mL/kg/min）wasestimatedbymeansofaportablegasanalyzer,OxyconMobile（Carefusion,YorbaLinda,CA,USA）.Alldataweretransformedintometabolicequivalentsandanalyzedusingmeanpercentageerror,equivalenceplots,Bland-Altmanplots,kappastatistics,andsensitivity/specificity.Results:MeanpercentageerrorwaslowestfortheactivPALforSB（14.9%）andLPA（9.3%）comparedwithotherWMs,whichwere>21.2%.NoneoftheWMsfellwithintheequivalencyrangeof±10%ofthecriterionmeanvalue.Bland-AltmanplotsrevealednarrowerlevelsofagreementwithallWMsforSBthanforLPA.KappastatisticswerelowforallWMs,andsensitivityandspecificityvariedbyWMtype.Conclusion:NoneoftheWMstestedinthisstudywereequivalentwiththecriterionmeasure（VO2）inestimatingsedentary-to-lightactivities;however,theactivPALhadgreateroverallaccuracyinmeasuringSBandLPAthandidtheActiGraphandSenseWear2monitors.

简介：Photoniccrystalslabsintegratedintoorganiclight-emittingdiodes(OLEDs)allowfortheextractionofwaveguidemodesandthusanincreaseinOLEDefficiency.WefabricatedlinearBragggratingswitha460-nmperiodonflexiblepolycarbonatesubstratesusingUVnanoimprintlithography.Ahybridorganic–inorganicnanoimprintresistisusedthatservesalsoasahighrefractiveindexlayer.OLEDscomposedofapoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrenesulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)polymeranode,anorganicemissionlayer[poly(p-phenylenevinylene)(PPV)-derivative'SuperYellow'],andametalcathode(LiF/Al)aredepositedontotheflexiblegratingsubstrates.TheeffectsofphotoniccrystalslabdeformationinaflexibleOLEDarestudiedintheoryandexperiment.Thesubstratedeformationismodeledusingthefinite-elementmethod.Theinfluenceofthechangeinthegratingperiodandthewaveguidethicknessunderbendingareinvestigated.Thechangeinthegratingperiodisfoundtobethedominanteffect.Atanemissionangleof20°achangeintheresonancewavelengthof1.2%ispredictedforastrainof1.3%perpendiculartothegratinggrooves.ThisvalueisverifiedexperimentallybyanalyzingelectroluminescenceandphotoluminescencepropertiesofthefabricatedgratingOLEDs.

简介：Theholeinjection,theradiativerecombinationandthedevicelumi-nescentefficienciesofamorphoussiliconcarbidethinfilmp-I-njunctionlightemit-tingdiodesarequantitativelycalculated,andtheeffectofthecarrier(especiallythehole)injectionandrecombinationprocessesonthedeviceluminescentcharacteris-ticsarerevealed.Withoutconsideringthedevicejunctiontemperature,itisroundthatthedeviceluminescentefficiencymainlydependsontheholeinjectionefficiencyatlowfieldandtheholeradiativerecombinationefficiencyathighfieldrespective-ly.Thetheoreticalanalysesareinwellagreementwiththeexperimentalresults.

简介：Thephotoacoustictomographybyusingthehandheldprobehasagreatpotentialinclinicalbreastimaging.However,theshapeoftheprobelimitsthechoiceoflightdeliveryinthissetup.Inthisletter,westudytwocommonlyusedilluminationtypesforhandheldprobe:bright-fieldilluminationanddark-fieldillumination.Ourresultsdemonstrateseveralparametershaveimportantimpactonthephotonfluenceindeepbreasttissue.Theresultswillhelptooptimizethedesignofthephotoacousticbreastimagingsystemwithahandheldprobe.

简介：Visibleimageryisextremelyusefultooverviewtheedgeanddivertorstructure.Theplasmaconfigurationandthepositionofthestrikelinesonthetargetplatescanbealsoobservedbyimagingtechnique.Byimagingtheedgeorcoreplasmawithvisibleemissioninthedesiredwavelengthband,usuallywitha“tangential”view,theplasmapositioncanbedeterminedinprinciple.

简介：Whenasurfaceisilluminatedbylaser,thefieldofdiffusingreflectivelightcanbedescribedbyFresnel-KirchhoffintegrationintheregionofFresnel.Ifthecorrelation,beforeandafterthechangeofintensityfield,isanalysedbystatisticalmethod,threegoverningequationsforvariationsofintensityfieldandspecklemovementformulascanbeobtained.Intheseequations,thesurfacemotion,deformationandwavelengthchangeareallconsideredtocausethespecklemovement.

简介：在自然第二等的森林里的不同轻紧张下面的分数维的尺寸ofPiceakoraiensis幼苗的变化被学习。结果证明与轻环境的变化，王冠人物ofPiceakoraiensis幼苗在侧面的数字，侧面的增长，侧面的干燥重量，和特定的叶区域展出了更大的塑料。幼苗王冠的计算分数维的尺寸的范围在2.5728和2.1036之间被限制，但是分数维的尺寸的最大值在条款完成了中等shading，处于极端低轻条件，分数维的尺寸是最少的。

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简介：Duringthemassformationofaggregatesofmoleculesinagelatinfilmdyedwiththemixtureofchrysophe-nineandacridineyellowdyes,photo-reorientation,photo-disorientation,andphoto-orientationofthemoleculesareobserved.Basedontheseobservations,thephoto-inductionofgranularanisotropymayberealized.