简介:AbstractBackground:Macrophages play an important role in renal ischemia reperfusion injury, but the functional changes of macrophages under hypoxia/reoxygenation and the related mechanism are unclear and need to be further clarified.Methods:The effects of hypoxia/reoxygenation on functional characteristics of RAW264.7 macrophages were analyzed through the protein expression detection of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and CD80, anti-inflammatory factors ARG-1 and CD206. The functional implications of C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1(CX3CR1) down-regulation in hypoxic macrophages were explored using small interfering RNA technology. Significance was assessed by the parametric t-test or nonparametric Mann-Whitney test for two group comparisons, and a one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple group comparisons.Results:Hypoxia/reoxygenation significantly increased the protein expression of M1-related pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, CD80 and chemokine C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1)/CX3CR1 and inhibited the protein expression of M2-related anti-inflammatory factors ARG-1 and CD206 in a time-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells. However, the silencing of CX3CR1 in RAW264.7 cells using specific CX3CR1-siRNA, significantly attenuated the increase in protein expression of TNF-α (P < 0.05) and CD80 (P < 0.01) and the inhibition of ARG-1 (P < 0.01) and CD206 (P < 0.01) induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation. In addition, we also found that hypoxia/reoxygenation could significantly enhance the migration (2.2-fold, P < 0.01) and adhesion capacity (1.5-fold, P < 0.01) of RAW264.7 macrophages compared with the control group, and CX3CR1-siRNA had an inhibitory role (40% and 20% reduction, respectively). For elucidating the mechanism, we showed that the phosphorylation levels of ERK (P < 0.01) and the p65 subunit of NF-κB (P < 0.01) of the RAW264.7 cells in the hypoxic/reoxygenation group were significantly increased, which could be attenuated by down-regulation of CX3CR1 expression (P < 0.01, both). ERK inhibitors also significantly blocked the effects of hypoxic/reoxygenation on the protein expression of M1-related pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, CD80 and M2-related anti-inflammatory factors ARG-1 and CD206. Moreover, we found that conditioned medium from polarized M1 macrophages induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation, notably increased the degree of apoptosis of hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced TCMK-1 cells, and promoted the protein expression of pro-apoptotic proteins bax (P < 0.01) and cleaved-caspase 3 (P < 0.01) and inhibited the expression of anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 (P < 0.01), but silencing CX3CR1 in macrophages had a protective role. Finally, we also found that the secretion of soluble CX3CL1 in RAW264.7 macrophages under hypoxia/reoxygenation was significantly increased.Conclusions:The findings suggest that hypoxia/reoxygenation could promote M1 polarization, cell migration, and adhesion of macrophages, and that polarized macrophages induce further apoptosis of hypoxic renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway.
简介:摘要:目的 探究职业院校1+X母婴护理证书“书证融通”举措。 方法 以100例职业院校助产专业学生为对象,研究时间为2020年9月-2020年12月,其中50例实施常规教学,视为参照组,50例实施“1+x证书”书证融通教学,视为研究组,对比管理效果。结果 研究组学生的理论知识评分(92.13±5.43)、操作知识评分(91.68±5.69)与综合知识评分(92.09±6.56)高于参照组各指标(P
简介:目的总结WAS基因功能获得性突变致X连锁中性粒细胞减少症(XLN)的临床及分子特征,提高对该病的认识。方法报告1例先天性中性粒细胞减少症患儿的临床病史资料、常规免疫功能、骨髓细胞形态学特点及二代基因测序结果。对检测到的WAS基因突变行Sanger测序技术验证,采用流式细胞术分析患儿及其父母WAS蛋白表达,采用qPCR分析其WAS基因mRNA水平。分别以“X-linkedneutropenia”和“X连锁中性粒细胞减少症”检索主要中英文数据库,检索时间为建库至2018年9月20日,提取文献中主要临床表型和基因型。结果男,6岁5月。自3月龄因发热发现WBC和ANC减少,后6年中WBC和ANC一直低于正常,约每月发热1次,伴反复呼吸道感染,有脓毒血症、EB病毒感染史,无湿疹。血常规示PLT计数和体积正常,WBC数量减少[(2.15±0.5)×10^9·L^-1)],ANC减少[(0.261±0.086)×10^9·L^-1],NK细胞减少[23.42×10^6·L^-1(1.63%)]。骨髓增生活跃低水平,粒系成熟障碍。二代测序显示WAS基因9号外显子c.881T>C(p.I294T)错义突变,其母为该位点携带者。qPCR显示患儿WAS基因mRNA表达水平降低(为正常人的0.29倍)。流式检测显示患儿WAS蛋白表达量为正常对照的74.5%。PubMed数据库中筛选出XLN病例相关文献23篇,中文数据库0篇,总计18例(2个家系、3例散发),报道4个突变位点(L270P、S272P、I290T、I294T)。加上本文1例(19例)进行临床资料总结,ANC数量减少占84.2%,单核细胞数量减少占72.2%,CD4^+/CD8^+比值倒置占56.3%,临床上主要表现为反复细菌感染和发热。结论WAS基因功能获得性突变可导致先天性中性粒细胞减少,临床表现为反复感染,症状不突出,具有WASmRNA表达减少、WASP蛋白仅轻微降低的分子特征。