简介:ObjectiveToinvestigatethesuitabilityofminiaturepigsasananimalmodelforotologicalresearch.MethodsMicrodissectionofthetemporalbonewasperformedon10miniaturepigsandrecordedonphoto-graphs.ResultsThemorphologyandmeasurementoftheexternal,middleandinnerearandthelateralre-cessoftheminiaturepigswereobtainedbymicrodissection.ConclusionComparedtotraditionalanimalmodels,theminiaturepigmaybeabettermodelforbiomedicalresearchbecauseofitsmanysimilaritiesinphysiologicalfunctionswithhumans.Similaritiesofthetemporalbonestructures,includingtheexternal,middleandinnerearandthelateralrecess,betweentheminiaturepigandhumanmaketheanimalapoten-tiallyusefulmodelforotologicalresearch.
简介:Apoptosis,orcontrolledcelldeath,isanormalpartofcellularlifespan.Celldeathofcochlearhaircellscausesdeafness;anapoptoticprocessthatisnotwellunderstood.Worldwide,1.3billionhumanssuffersomeformofhearingloss,while360millionsufferdebilitatinghearinglossasadirectresultoftheabsenceofthesecochlearhaircells(WorldwideHearing,2014).Muchisknownaboutapoptosisinothersystemsandinothercelltypesthankstostudiesdonesincethemid-20thcentury.Herewereviewcurrentliteratureonapoptosisingeneral,andcausesofdeafnessandcochlearhaircellslossasaresultofapoptosis.ThefamilyofB-celllymphoma(Bcl)proteinsareamongthemoststudiedandcharacterized.WewillreviewcurrentliteratureontheBcl2andBcl6proteininteractionsinrelationtoapoptosisandtheirpossiblerolesinvulnerabilityandsurvivalofcochlearhaircells.
简介:Objective:Todescribeseveralapproachesofearsurgeriesforexperimentalstudiesinrats.Methods:Anesthetizedratswerepreparedfordemonstrationofvariousearsurgeryapproachesdesignedtooptimizeexperimentaloutcomesinstudieswithspecificgoalsandexposurerequirements.Thesurgicalapproachesincludedtheposteriortympanum,superiortympanum,inferiortympanumandoccipitalapproaches.Results:Themiddleearcavityandinnerearweresuccessfullyexposedfromdifferentanglesviathementionedsurgicalapproaches.Forexample,electrodeplacementforrecordingofcochlearbioelectricresponseswaseasilyachievedthroughtheposteriortympanumorinferiortympanumapproach.Alternatively,drugdeliveryorgenetransfectionviaroundwindowmembranewasmosteasilyaccomplishedusingtheposteriortympanumapproach.Cochlearperfusionofprotectiveorototoxicdrugswasbestperformedusingtheinferiortympanumapproach.Ossicularchaininterruptiontoinduceaprolongedconductivehearinglosswasreadilyachievedusingasuperiortympanumapproach.Lastly,surgicaldestructionoftheendolymphaticsactoinduceexperimentalendolymphatichydropswasreadilyperformedviaanoccipitalsurgicalapproach.Conclusion:Thesestandardizedsurgicalapproachescanbeappliedinscientificstudiesoftheearwithdifferentpurposescoveringelectrophysiology,conductivehearingloss,intra-cochleardrugperfusionandexperimentalstudiesrelevanttoMeniere’sdisease.
简介:Technologicaladvancementsarecontinuouslychangingtheparadigmofhumanexistence.Humanbeingsareconstantlyengaginginvariousmeasurestoreducetheextentofsensoryandmotorimpairment.Thishasbeenintheformofvariousdevices,e.g.orthopedicprosthesis,visualaids(spectacles)andhearingaids.Countlessattemptsthroughoutthecenturieshavebeenmadeinanefforttoimprovesoundamplificationinpatients.Thisarticleseekstohighlightsthetechnologicaljourneyofonesuchimplant,themiddleearimplant,fromitsinceptiontothemoretechnologicaladvancedfuturisticproposals.Whiletherearemanyamplificationdevicesavailablepresently,therestillremainsagroupofpatientswhohavenotexperiencedadequateamplificationfortheirhearinglossandthissubsetmaygainthegreatestbenefitfrommiddleearimplants.
简介:贵刊“与鼻子有关的15条习语”(《大学英语》,1094年第3期)和“由face组成的十七条习语”(《大学英语》,1997年第12期)两篇文章趣味盎然,对学生记忆习语有一定的帮助。现笔者将平时记录积累的有关ear的三十六条习语整理出来,以飨读者。1awordinyourear说句私下话;私下说点事whenyouhavetine,wouldyoucometomyoffice?I’dliketohaveawordhyourear.有空请到我办公室来一下,我想跟你私下说点事。2.beallears全神贯注地听着,专心倾听ThechildrenwereallearswhenGrannytoldthemastory.奶奶讲故事时,孩子们全神贯注地听着。3.bedrybehindtheears富有经验,独当一面It’struethatChetmakesaotofmistakes,butdon’tbetoohardonhim.He’sjustnotdrybehindtheearsyet.的确,切特...
简介:ObjectivesToinvestigatepre-andpost-totalmiddleearreconstructionbacteriologicalchangesinordertofacilitatepreventionandtreatmentofsurgicalinfections.MethodsSpecimensfrom128earsin124patientswithproblematicmastoidcavitieswhounderwentrevisiontotalmiddleearreconstructionwerestudied.ResultsBacteriologicaltestswerepositivein87(68.0%)pre-operativespecimens,despitelocaltreatment,andin74(57.8%)specimenscollected10daysafteroperation.Commonorganismstrainsinpre-andpost-operativespecimenswereslightlydifferentandincluded:coagulase-staphylococcus,GRAM+rods,staphylococcusaureus,pseudomonasaeruginosaandfungi.Atthetimeofpatientdischarge(15-20dayspost-operative),only3ears(2.3%)weretestedpositivewhichrespondedwelltoandbecamedryafterlocaltreatment.Atoneyear,4ears(3.1%)showedrecurrentotorrheawhichagainrespondedtolocaltreatment.ConclusionForinfectionofproblematicmastoidcavitiesafteranopencavityprocedure,revisiontotalmiddleearreconstructioniseffectiveincontrollinginfectionandpromotingadryear.Infectionpreventionandtreatmentisimportantconsideringtherelativelyhighratesofperi-operativelocalinfections.
简介:Haircellsinthemammalianinnerearareveryfragileandareofteninjuredasaresultofacoustictraumaorexposuretoototoxicdrugs(cisplatin,aminoglycosides,etc)[1].Inamphibiansandbirds,spontaneous
简介:AbstractMany factors can cause inner ear injury, such as noise exposure, chemicals, viral infection, and radiation. The main pathological manifestations of inner ear injury are local hypoxia-ischemia, micro-trauma, and an increased level of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators. The contribution of the inflammatory response to the mediation of cochlear and vestibular pathologies has received increasing attention in recent years. Aseptic inflammation can devastate audition and balance, which can lead to many typical clinical inner ear diseases. In this review, we will discuss the most pertinent and recent research on inflammatory mechanisms in inner ear injury. We will also discuss the pathophysiology of some common and significant ear diseases, such as sudden sensorineural hearing loss, age-related hearing loss, noise-induced hearing loss, and Meniere’s disease.
简介:Congenitalcholesteatoma(CC)isararelyseenbenigntumorofthetemporalbone.Therearefivegeneralsitesofextraduraloccurrence:themiddleear,externalauditorymeatus,mastoid,squamousportionandthepetrousapexofthetemporalbone.CCgrowsslowlyandpresentsnosymptomsattheearlystage.Delayedandmis-diagnosisarecommonwiththiscondition~1.CasereportA10-year-oldboypresentedwitha3-monthhistoryofhearinglossonrightside.Therewasnohistoryofotorrhea,facialpalsy,previousotologicalproceduresortrauma.Otoscopyrevealedabulgingposterosuperiorquadrantintheotherwiseintactrighttympanicmembrane(Fig.1).Puretoneaudiometryshowedanaveragethresholdof51dBfor500,1000,2000and4000Hz,witha40dBair-bonegap,suggestingamoderateconductivehearingloss(Fig.4).CTscanofthetemporalboneshowedanisolatedsofttissuedensitylesioninthemiddleear(Fig.2).
简介:ObjectiveTostudylocalinflammatoryresponseafterimplantationofhydroxyapatitesyntheticossicularprosthesis.MethodsHydroxyapatitegranuleswereimplantedinthebullain32rats.Shamsurgicalprocedureswereperformedin10ratsasthecontrol.Animalsweresacrificedat1to300daysaftersurgery.Bullasections,stainedwithHEandMallory'sazan,wereexaminedfornumbersandpercentagesofvariousinflammatorycelltypes.ResultsSlightlymoreinflammatoryreactionwasseeninanimalswiththeimplantthaninthecontrols,mostlyduringtheearlystagefollowingtheimplantationprocedure.Fewinflammatorycellswereobservedatlatertimes.Thereweresatisfactoryfibrosisinbothimplantedandcontrolears.ConclusionTheresultsindicatethathydroxyapatitesyntheticprosthesisisabiocompatibleimplantationmaterialinthemiddleear.Nonetheless,thepresenceofinflammatoryreactionimmediatelyfollowingimplantationimpliesthatcontrolofinfectionisimportantintheearlytimesaftertheimplantationprocedure.
简介:Middleearsurgerytechniqueshaveenabledtoimprovehearingdestroyedbyadisease.Despitehugeimprovementininstrumentationandtechniquestheresultsofhearingimprovementsurgeryarestilldifficulttopredict.ThispaperpresentstheresultsofvibrationsmeasurementsinahumanmiddleearobtainedattheMedicalUniversityofLublin.Vibrationsofthestapesinthecaseoftheintactossicularchain,aftercementincusrebuildingandincusinterpositionsarecomparedeachother.Inthisaimanewapproachofossiclesvibrationsobservationisintroducedinordertocompleteinformationobtainedfromclassicalapproachwhichbasesonthetransferfunction.Measurementsofossicularchainvibrationsareperformedonfreshhumantemporalbonespecimenusingthelaserdopplervibrometer.Next,afterclassicalresearch,theextendedanalysiswiththerecurrenceplotstechniqueisperformed.
简介:摘要目的观察外耳道局部换药联合光波治疗外耳道炎患者的治疗效果。方法从我科收治的慢性外耳道炎患者中120例分观察组和对照组,对照组单纯行外耳道局部换药治疗,观察组行外耳道局部换药联合光波治疗。观察两组的治疗效果,并进行对比分析。结果观察组72例患者治愈46例,有效23例,无效3例,治愈率63.89%,总有效率95.83%;对照组患者48例,治愈20例,有效20例,无效8例,治愈率41.67%,总有效率83.33%。两组患者疗效对比,观察组从治愈率到总有效率都明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。(P>0.05)。结论外耳道炎应用局部换药联合光波治疗疗效明显提高,因此临床对外耳道炎治疗可考虑用此种联合治疗方法。
简介:AbstractObjective:To evaluate the necessity and effectiveness of a preplanned technique for drilling during transcanal endoscopic ear surgery.Methods:Study design: Retrospective case series study from June 2011 to June 2015. Setting: Private tertiary care hospital. Patients: Eighty-five ears of 78 patients, age ranging from 9 to 57 years underwent transcanal endoscopic drilling for various types of pathology in their middle and external ear. Interventions: Application of a preplanned technique for transcanal drilling in endoscopic ear surgery that involved short timed drilling with use of intermittent irrigation and suction. Every events of the procedure were done one after another with the single hand of the surgeon. An attachment providing protecting sheath around rotating burr was used during each time of drilling. Main outcomes measure: Efficacy of such drilling technique in single handed endoscopic ear surgery. Presence of any postoperative thermal injury of facial nerve and any lacerated injury of skin of external ear.Results:This preplanned technique was found suitable for transcanal endoscopic drilling with the single hand of the surgeon. Postoperative facial nerve palsy or laceration of skin of external ear was not noted in any patient.Conclusion:After using the present technique, transcanal endoscopic drilling could be done easily and safely with single hand of the surgeon.
简介:ObjectivesTostudyclinical,imagingfeaturesandtreatmentoutcomesofcongenitalcholesteatomaofmiddleear(CCME).MethodsThisisaretrospectivereviewof10CCMEcasesselectedfrom952cholesteatomacasestreatedbetweenJanuary1995andDecember2005attheDepartmentofOtolaryngology-HeadandNeckSurgery,ChinesePLAGeneralHospital.Themainoutcomemeasureswerethesiteoforigin,clinicalfeatures,surgicalfindings,imagingcharacteristicsandhearingresults.ResultsThemeanageofthe10patientswas16years(rangedfrom10to24years),with6beingolderthan18years.Therewere7malesand3females.Theaveragedelaytodiagnosiswaslongerthan2years.ThemeanpreoperativePTAwas55dBHL,withameanABGof45dB.Typicalcholesteatomaswereseenbehindthetympanicmembraneinthesuperoposteriorquadrantonotoscopyonlyin2patients.HighresolutionCTwascompletedinallpatients.Mostofthepatients(8/10)werediagnosedwithotosclerosisorossicularabnormalitybeforeoperation.Allpatientsunderwentaone-stagetympanoplastyfollowingtransmeatalexplorativetympanotomyandcompletecholesteatomaremoval,exceptone,whounderwentaCWUmastoidectomyduetoextensivecholesteatomainvolvement.Thecholeasteatomalesionwasconfinedtothesuperoposteriormesotympanuminallpatients.ThemeanpostoperativePTAwas20dBHL.Allpatientswerefollowed-upforatleast1.5yearspostoperatively.Revisionprocedureswereperformedin2patientsforhearingdeterioration.Noresidualorrecurrenceofcholesteatomawasfound.ConclusionCCMEisararediseasethatoftengetsdelayeddiagnosis.Residuallesionsandtheprognosismainlydependontheextentofthelesion.
简介:ObjectiveToreportapopulation-basedsurveyontheprevalence,pathogenicfactorsandmedicalneedsofeardiseasesandhearingloss.MethodsUsingtheprobabilityproportiontosize(PPS)method,6626residentswereinvestigatedin30clustersinaccordancewiththeWHOprotocol.ResultsTheprevalenceofhearinglosswas17.1%(compatiblewiththenatioanalstandardizedrateof17.6%),includingmild(11.0%),moderate(4.2%),severe(1.4%),andprofound(0.5%)impairment.Ofthe1131individualswithhearingloss,663(20.2%)weremaleand468(14.0%)werefemale.Theprevalenceofhearingdisabilitywas6.1%(againcompatiblewiththenationalstandardizedrateof6.5%).Thecausesofhearinglosswereeardiseases(31.4%),non-infectiouseardisorders(42.5%),geneticdisorders(6.7%),infectiousdisease(0.4%)andundeterminedcauses(29.3%).Ofthehearingimpairedpeople,13.8%neededotologicand/oraudiologicinterventionsand9.1%neededhearingaids.ConclusionTheprevalenceofhearinglossandhearingdisabilityhaveincreasedinthepasttwentyyears.Thedataprovideimportantinformationforauthoritiesinformulatingpoliciesforpreventionandmanagementofdeafness.