简介：Thegeneticdiversityanddifferentiationof6mudcrabScyllaserratapopulationsfromsoutheasternChinaareinvestigatedusingallozymeelectrophoresis.Themeannumberofallelesperlocuspopulationis1.3±0.1;thepercentageofpolymorphiclociperpopulationis27.3;theobservedheterozygosityrangesfrom(0.195±0.083)to(0.241±0.090)andtheexpectedheterozygosityrangesfrom(0.105±0.043)to(0.131±0.047).Thecoefficientofgenedifferentiationamongpopulationsislow(Fst=0.032),indicatingthatonly3.2%ofthetotalgeneticdiversitycomesfrominter-population,whiletheremaining96.8%comesfromintra-populationdifferences.Thegeneticdistanceamongpopulationsis0.000～0.008(theaverageis0.002).Geneflowamongthepopulationsislarge(Nm=7.56).Geneticstructureisverysimilaramong6Scyllaserratapopulations.

简介：PCR-DGGEapproachwasusedtoanalyzebacterialdiversityinthebottomsectionofsevenarcticseaicesamplescolletedfromtheCanadaBasin.Thirty-two16SrDNAsequenceswereobtainedfromprominentDGGEbands.Theclosestrelativesofthesesequencesarefoundtobethoseofcultivatedorunculturedbacteriafromantarcticorarcticseaice.Phylogeneticanalysisclusteredthesesequencesorphylotypeswithinα-proteobacteria,γ-proteobacteriaandCFB(cytophaga-flexibacter-bacteroides)group.Sequencesbelongingtoγ-proteobacteriaweredominantandmembersoftheCFBgroupwerehighlyabundant.ItwassuggestedthattheCFBgroupwastherepresentativeofthebottomsectionofseaicesamples.

简介：放大碎片长度多型性(AFLP)技术被用来在马尼拉蚌(Ruditapesphilippinarum)的四张自然人口分析基因差异，在中国的四个海区域分布式，我。e.，Bohai海，Huanghai海，华东海和华南海。264AFLPloci在195individuals被分析并且揭示了基因差异的高水平。多态的loci的百分比从92.13%～96.06%并且香农“s信息索引从0.2568～0.2756。由分析分子的变化(AMOVA)，有在Qingdao和另外的三个海区域的人口之间的基因区别的高水平，这被发现。由Nei的聚合分析“spairwisedistances由地理起源组织了标本，除了Qingdao的人口。一个结论能被得出在在中国和一些不同差别的马尼拉蚌的四张自然人口有高基因的差异，这存在在之中并且在四张人口之间。结果也显示人的耕作活动将在Qingdao的人口的基因结构上有大影响。

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简介：Thepaperdescribestheproposedmodelsofdiamondformationbothinmeteoritesandinkimberliteandlamproitebodies.metamorphiccomplexesandexplosive-ringstructures('astroblemes'),Thediamonddistributioninmeteorites(chondrites,ironmeteoritesandureilites)isrestrictedtotaente-kamasitephase.Thediamondgenerationhereistiedupwiththefirststageofevolutionoftheplanets,Thisstageischaracterizedbyhighpressureofhydrogen.leadingtotheformationoftheplanetenvelope,Thesecondstageofplanetevolutionbeganwiththeprogressiveimopoverishmentoftheiratmospheresinhydrogenduetoitspredominantemissionintothespaceandtoprogressivedevelopmentofoxidativeconditions.Themodelappearstohaveprovedtherelictnatureofdiamondmineraolizationinmeteorites.Diamondandotherhigh-pressureminerals(its'satellites')werecrystallizedwithoutanyexceptionintheearlyintratelluricstagesofperidotiteandeclogite-pyroxenitemagmaevolutionjustbeforethemagmaintrusionintothehigherlevelsofthemantleandcrustwherediamondisnotthermodynamicallystable,Theultramaficintrusivebodies(bearingrichrelictdiamonds)inthedaseofaplatformpaaeartobethesubstratafortheformationofkimberlite-lamproitemagmachambersasaresultofmagmaticreplacement.Themodelexplainsthepolyfacialnatureofdiamondiferouseclotgites,pyroxenitesandperidotitesanddiscussestheprocessofinheritanceoftheirdiamondmineralizationbykimberlitesandlamproites.Dimondoproductivityofmetamorthiccomplexesisoriginatedbytheinheritanceoftheirdiamondsfromtheabove-mentionedprimarydiamondiferousrocks.Largediamondiferousexplosive-ringstructureswereformedbyhigh-energyendogenicexplosionoffluidwhichcamefromtheEarth'score.Thishighenergydiffersendogenicimpactogenesisfromexplosivevolcanism.Itproceedsatveryhightemperaturetocreatediaplecticgalsses(monomineralpseudomorphs)-theproductofisochoricmelting,atthepressurehighenoughforth

简介：Thispaperpresentsanovelapproachtofeaturesubsetselectionusinggeneticalgorithms.Thisapproachhastheabilitytoaccommodatemultiplecriteriasuchastheaccuracyandcostofclassificationintotheprocessoffeatureselectionandfindstheeffectivefeaturesubsetfortextureclassification.Onthebasisoftheeffectivefeaturesubsetselected,amethodisdescribedtoextracttheobjectswhicharehigherthantheirsurroundings,suchastreesorforest,inthecoloraerialimages.Themethodologypresentedinthispaperisillustratedbyitsapplicationtotheproblemoftreesextractionfromaerialimages.

简介：Diversityofbacteriawasstudiedindeep-seasedimentsfromtheShikokuBasinintheNorthwestPacificOceanbyPCR,RFLPandsequenceanalysisof16SrDNAandcomparingwithGenbankdatabase.BasedontheRFLPprofilegenerated,77clonesfromthe16SrDNAlibraryweredividedinto27types.Phylogeneticanalysisshowedthatthe27independentclonesfellintofourgroups:Proteobacteria(62.96%),Chloroflexi(14.81%),Planctomycetes(14.81%)andAcidobacteria(7.41%).Amongallsequencedclones,6wererelatedtothesulfurorsulfatemetabolismbacteriaandtheresultsalsodemonstratedthatsomebacteriaindeep-seasedimentshadrelationtomatter-energycirculation.

简介：1089strainsofyeastswereobtainedfromseawater,seasediments,mudofseasalterns,gutsofmarinefishes,mangroveplantsandmarinealgae.Theresultsofroutineidentificationandmolecularanalysismethodsshowthat44strainsamongthemarineyeastsobtainedinthisstudybelongtoCandidatropicalis,whichmayindicateitswidedistributionindifferentenvironment,especiallyinthetropicalandsubtropicalmarineenvironment.ThewidedistributionofC.tropicalisindicatesthatitmayplayanimportantroleinmarineenvironmentandthemarineenvironmentinturnisagoodsourceforobtainingC.tropicalis.

简介：1.Tcetonicandmagmaticactivizationproeesscs(tcetonicandthermalregenerationofancientbasc-mentordiwa)occurrcdinPhancrozoicanda1soil1Prccan1briantimc.Activizationrcgin1csbccamcap-parcntalrcadyinArchcantimcandthcirimportanccsignificantlyincrcascdduringLatcProtcrozoicpcri-odwhcnmanypartsofArchcancrustwcrc

简介：Forskarntypedeposits,therearetwokindsofskarns,skarnformedbyfiltrating-diffusingmetasomatismandveinskarnformedbyfilling.Theveinskarn,discussedthispaperandconsideredtobemagmaticgenesis,ischaracterizedby:(1)occurringasveinwithdistinctboundarieswithcountryrocks,yetjustthesameeveninmarbleeasytobereplaced;(2)composedofamineralassemblagesimi-lartothatofgranite,containingpegmatiteaswellascoarseskarnmineralpockets,andsometimestran-sitedwithdikerocks;(3)clearcrystallinefeatureofdeposition;(4)sideronintietexture;(5)showingvesicular,bean-likeandflowstructures;(6)verycommonliquidimmiscibility;(7)verticalzoningofgravitationaldifferentiationcausedbyvolatileconcentrationupwards;(8)associatedandtransitedwithiron-copperorebodiesofmagmaticgenesisandtungsten-bearingquartzveinsofsilicatemagmaticgene-sisrichinvolatile;(9)meltinclusions.Twooriginsofskammagma,originatedbyassimilationofsilicatemagmaatitsemplacem

简介：ThenewspreadingconchosporesotPorphyrayezoensis,P.haitanensisandP.katadaivar.hemiphyllaareinducedbyN-Methy-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine(NG),astrongmutagentoinducethemutantofchromatophore.Itisshowedthat(1)nomutantshavebeeninvestigatedinallcontrolgroup.(2)TheconchosporesofallthethreespeciesofPorphyraareeasytobeinducedbyNGfortheyareinthestageofbreeding,Inthelowestdose(10μg/mL)ofthisexperiment,themutantrateofP.yezoensisisupto57.9%,thatofP.haitanensis30.7%andthatofP.katadaivar.hemiphylla51.7%.(3)Themutantratecannotincreaseobviouslybyincreasingthereagentconcentrationorprolongingtheinductiontime.Withinthescopeofexperiment,theinducementeffectsofthreespeciesofPorphyraaremuchsimilar,andthemutantrateisnear50%.TheoptimuminductionconcentrationofNGis10μg/mL,andtheoptimuminductiontimeis30minutes.

简介：Chinaisamongthefewcountriesrichinpytophyllite.ItisinferioronlytoJapanandSouthKoreainprovedorerescrvesandranksthirdintheworldinperspectivereservesPyrophylliteoccurrencesinSupportcdbytheNaturalScienccFoundationofHunanProvinceandthcDirectorFoundationofChangshaInstituteofoeotectoniCS,ACademiaSinica.Chin

简介：TheyoungthalliofPorphyrayezoensisandP.haitanensisareinducedbyN-Methy-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine(NG),astrongmutagentoinducethemutantofchromatophore.Itisshowedthatnomutantshavebeeninvestigatedinallcontrolgroups,whileintheinducedgroups,itiseasytofindmutantcellsormutantcellmassesinthethallus.ThepigmentationmutantsmaybetheresultofNGinducement.Themutantrateincreasesobviouslywiththemutagenconcentrationorbyprolongingtheinductiontime.Withinthescopeofexperiment,theinducementeffectsofPorphyrayezoensisareraisedfrom11.2%to28.7%,andthoseofP.haitanensisfrom10.1%to20.2%.Accordingtoourexperiments,theamountofmutantcellsinthesameareadoesnotincreasewiththeinductionintensityTheamountofmutantcellsineverygroupofinducementofbothspeciesofPorphyrachangesverylittlewiththefixedfieldscheckmethod.Thelowestdose(25μg/mL)ofthisexperimenthasahighmutantrate.Themutantrateshowsthepercentageofmutantcellsinallthesurvivedcells,whiletheamountofmutantcellsreflectstheeffectofinducement.ThustheoptimuminductionconcentrationofNGis25μg/mL,andtheoptimuminductiontimeis30minutes.

简介：Xiangshanbayisanarrowsemi-closedbayandsituatedonthenorthwesterncoastoftheEastChinaSea.Overpastdecades,ithasbecometoamajorbaywithintensivehumanactivities,denseurbanizedarea,andpoorwaterquality.Theaimofthispaperwastorevealtheecologicalstatusthroughtheelucidationofthespeciescomposition,abundance,biomassanddiversityofmacrobenthosinthisbay.SixintertidalsectionsweresurveyedfromJanuary2007toNovember2008quarterly.SectionsTG,HDandXHarelocatedinthethreeinnerbays,sectionsQJandWSarelocatednearthethermalpowerplants,andsectionXXislocatedattheouterpartofXiangshanBay.Greatvariationsinmacrobenthoscommunitywereindentified,andthespeciescompositionofthecommunityinthepresentstudyshowedthedominanceintheorderofmolluscs(bivalvesandgastropods),crustaceansandothers,andonlyfewPolychaetawererecorded.Onlythreedominantspecies,Littorinabrevicula,Ilyplaxtansuiensis,andCerithideacingulatawerecollectedinallthesections,andatotalof19dominantspecieswererecordedonlyinonesection.Two-wayANOVAanalysesofabundanceindicatedthatthereweresignificantdifferencesamongsectionsorseasons.Shannon-Wienerdiversityindex(H’)haditsmaximum(2.45)insectionQJ,andminimum(1.76)insectionTG.Multipleirregulark-dominanceplotsclearlyshowedthatthestudyareawaspollutedandthemacrobenthoscommunitywasunderstress.WeconcludethatthemacrobenthosofXiangshanBayhavebeendisturbedbyhumanactivities,especiallyattheinteriorbay.

简介：TheHuhehuSagisoneofthemostimportantoilandgasdepressionsintheHailarBasin.However,theoriginofHuhehuoilisstillcontroversial.PreviousstudiesonsourcerockshavemainlyfocusedontheNantunFormation(K1n);afewstudieshaveinvestigatedtheDamoguaiheFormation(K1d).BasedontheRock–Evalpyrolysisparameters,172drillcuttingsamplesfromtheHuhehuSagwereanalyzedtoevaluatetheirgeochemicalcharacteristics.BasedontheRock–Evaldata,themudstonesfromthefirstmemberoftheDamoguaiheFormation(K1d1)andthesecondmemberoftheNantunFormation(K1n2)havemoderatetohighhydrocarbongenerationpotential,whilemudstonesfromthefirstmemberoftheNantunFormation(K1n1)havepoortogoodhydrocarbongenerationpotential.Additionally,boththeK1n1andK1n2coalmembershavepoortofairhydrocarbongenerationpotential,buttheK1n2coalmemberhasabettergenerativepotential.FifteenHuhehuoilswerecollectedformoleculargeochemicalanalysestoclassifytheoilsintogeneticfamiliesandtoidentifythesourcerockforeachoilusingchemometricmethods.TheHuhehuoilswereclassifiedintothreegroupswithdifferentmaturitylevelsusinghierarchicalclusteranalysisandprincipalcomponentanalysis.GroupAoils(highmaturity)arecharacterizedbyrelativelymoderateratiosofPr/Ph,Pr/n-C17,andPh/n-C18,aswellasanabundanceofC29steranes,mainlyderivedfromtheK1n2andK1n1mudstonemembers.Incomparison,groupBoils(moderatematurity)haverelativelylowPr/Phratios,moderatePr/n-C17andPh/n-C18ratios,andlowconcentrationsofC29steranes.GroupCoils(lowmaturity)showrelativelyhighratiosofPr/Ph,Pr/n-C17,andPh/n-C18,aswellashighconcentrationsofC29steranes.Furthermore,groupBoilsderivedfromtheK1d1mudstonememberandgroupCoilsderivedfromtheK1n2coalmemberwerealsoidentifiedbyprincipalcomponentanalysisscoreplots.CorrelationstudiessuggestamajorcontributionfromtheK1nmudstoneFormation

简介：Anattempthasbeenmadetogiveaninsightintothegenesisofenclavesingranitesbymathematicallyquantitativemethods.Aftersomededuction,thequantitativemodelsoftraceelementsforthegeneticallydifferentenclaveshavebeenestablished,includingthoseforrestites,segregationschlierens,enclavesformedoutofsolidifiedmargins,andenclavesderivedfromthemixingofdifferentmagmas.Thesemodelshavebeentestedandproventobevalidandreliable.Theconclusionsinferredfromthesequantitativemodelsareconsistentwithfieldobservationsandpetrological,mineralogicalandgeochemicalevidence.

简介：煤气忍受的暴烈的水库在深Songliao盆被发现了，中国。为日志评估选择合适的解释参数由于复杂矿物质作文和可变矿物质内容是困难的。基于IUGS给的QAPF分类计划，我们建议一个方法用木头数据和一个基因算法决定暴烈的岩石的矿物质内容。根据QAPF计划，在暴烈的岩石中的矿物质被划分成五个组：Q(石英)，A(碱的长石)，P(斜长石)，M(mafic)和F(feldspathoid)。我们建议一个模型为水库的容量的分析包括孔叫了QAPM。为密度，明显的中子孔，运输时间，鲸鱼群妈光线和卷相片的日志反应方程电的生气的节索引首先被建立，矿物质参数从日志矿物质参数的Schlumberger手册获得了。然后，在矩阵的四种矿物质的体积用基因算法(GA)被计算。基于解释参数，计算的孔能与核心孔，和根据四个矿物质内容基于QAPF分类在纸给的岩石名字相比与从核心样品的化学分析的那些兼容。

简介：Thisstudyinvestigatedthebacterialdiversityofgutcontentofseacucumber(Apostichopusjaponicus)anditshabitatsurfacesedimentinabottomenhancementareausingPCR-baseddenaturinggradientgelelectrophoresis(DGGE)technique.BacterialdiversityevaluationshowedthatthevalueoftheShannon-WienerindexofgutcontentindifferentintestinalsegmentsofA.japonicusvariedbetween2.88and3.00,lowerthanthatofthesurroundingsediment(3.23).PhylogeneticanalysisshowedthatbacterialphylotypesingutcontentandthesurroundingsedimentofA.japonicuswerecloselyrelatedtoProteobacteriaincludingγ-,α-,δ-andε-proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Firmicute,andActinobacteria,ofwhichγ-proteobacteriawerepredominant.TheseresultssuggestedthattheseacucumberA.japonicuswascapableoffeedingselectively,andPCR-DGGEwasapplicableforcharacterizingthebacterialcommunitycompositioningutcontentandthesurroundingsedimentofseacucumber.Furtherinvestigationtargetinglonger16SrDNAgenefragmentsand/orfunctionalgeneswasrecommendedforobtainingmoreinformationofthediversityandfunctionofbacterialcommunityinthegutcontentofseacucumber.